William Webb designed and built
Harriet Lane for as a Revenue Service Cutter in 1957. She made her first transfer to the U.S. Navy in 1858 and joined a squadron in route to Paraguay to negotiate a settlement of the unprovoked attack on
Waterwitch by Paraguay in 1855. After that successful cruise, she returned to the Revenue Service until the out break of the Civil War.
Harriet Lane again transferred to the Navy on March 30, 1861 and remained in the Navy until she was lost to Confederate forces in the Second Battle of Galveston on January 1, 1863. She started her service as part of the squadron sent to resupply Fort Sumpter where she fired the first United States shots of the Civil War. She was part of every major naval engagement between 1861 and her loss in 1863.
Harriet Lane was heavily damaged twice. First, during her service against Confederate positions on the outer banks of North Carolina in August, 1861. She ran aground attempting to enter Pamlico Sound through the Hatteras Inlet on August 29, 1861. She was refloated at the cost of her guns and everything else that could be jettisoned. Second, in February, 1862, she was sailing to Hampton Roads to join Porter's Mortar Flotilla at Key West when she was taken under fire by a Confederate battery at Shipping Point, Virginia. The battery fire damaged her port wheel, delaying her arrival at Key West. In late February, however, she captured the Confederate schooner
Joanna Ward off the Florida coast.
Harriet Lane was Porter's flagship when his flotilla supported Admiral Farragut's dash past the New Orleans' forts to enter the Mississippi in late April, 1862. On April 29,
Harriet Lane steamed up the Mississippi to accept the surrender of the upstream river forts. The Navy had been using Ship Island as a repair and supply base.
Harriet Lane went there on May 30, 1862. She was to have played a role in the reduction of Vicksburg, but without sufficient ground forces, Farragut was forced to abandon the attack on that stronghold for the moment.
The First Battle of Galveston, October 3, 1862, saw
Harriet Lane victorious. She bombarded and captured the port with the aid of the
Westfield,
Owasoo,
Clifton, and
Henry James. Although it remains unclear, it seems that her repairs, perhaps at Ship Island, saw her refitted to the version I built with a 30lbr Parrot Rifle on a raised foredeck and a forward IX inch Dahlgren in addition to her broadside guns aft comprised of two IX inch Dahlgrens on Marsilly carriages and two 24lbr howitzers. I hope one or more of our shipmates will add their expertise. Looking at you in particular
@Peter Gutterman and
@JerryTodd.
Unfortunately, the capture of Galveston was not well supported by ground forces. It was equally unfortunate that Confederate Major General John Bankhead Magruder arrived in Texas in late October 1862. General Magruder planned and executed the successful recapture of Galveston which remained in Confederate hands until the end of the war.
The attack began late on December 31, 1862. Dawn on January 1, 1863 saw
Harriet Lane engaged with two Confederate cotton clads, the
Bayou City and the
Neptune. First,
Bayou City fired its 32lbr rifle into
Harriet Lane causing serious damage. Then
Neptune rammed
Harriet Lane. Next,
Bayou City, having circled around, rammed
Harriet Lane as well. Both Confederate ships had been fitted with corvuses which were lowered to allow Confederate troops to board and overwhelm
Harriet Lane's crew. Her captain, Commander. J. M. Wainwright and executive officer, Lt. Commander. Edward Lea, were killed in action that day defending their ship. Lt. Cmdr. Lea, USN, was the son of Major Albert M. Lea, CSA. Major Lea was one of General Magruder's aides. He found his wounded son on Harriet Lane's deck. As the major comforted his son, the young man told his father, "You have seen that I have done my duty to the last and died fighting for my country, Tell them at home that I love them."
After the battle,
Harriet Lane was taken into the Confederate Army's Maritime Department of Texas. She was ultimately sold, converted into a Confederate blockade runner and renamed
Lavinia. She escaped Galveston in late April , 1864 and sailed to Havana where she was interned for the duration. History tells us that she was recovered from Cuba in 1867, converted to a bark rig and renamed
Elliott Ritchie. She lost the number of her mess when she was abandoned off Pernambuco, Brazil on May 13, 1884.