Naval/Maritime History 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

25 June 1808

HMS Caledonia was a 120-gun first-rate ship of the line (Caledonia-class like HMS Trafalgar) of the Royal Navy, launched on 25 June 1808 at Plymouth.
She was Admiral Pellew's flagship in the Mediterranean.


H.M.S._Caledonia,_120guns,_lying_in_Plymouth_Sound_-_RMG_PY0771.jpg
H.M.S. Caledonia, 120 guns, lying in Plymouth Sound

The Admiralty orders for Caledonia's construction were issued in November 1794, for a 100-gun vessel measuring approximately 2,600 tons burthen. There were considerable delays in obtaining dockyard facilities and in assembling a workforce, and actual building did not commence until 1805 when the keel was laid down at Plymouth Dockyard. By this time the designs had also been amended to stipulate construction of a 120-gun vessel of 2,6165⁄94 tons. When completed to this new design in 1808, Caledonia entered Royal Navy service as the largest and most heavily armed vessel of the time.

She proved to be a very successful ship, and it was said that 'This fine three-decker rides easy at her anchors, carries her lee ports well, rolls and pitches quite easy, generally carries her helm half a turn a-weather, steers, works and stays remarkably well, is a weatherly ship, and lies-to very close.' She was 'allowed by all hands to be faultless'. In later years she was to become the standard design for British three-deckers.

On 12 February 1814 she took part with HMS Boyne in action against the French ship of the line Romulus off Toulon; the French vessel managed to escape to Toulon by sailing close to the coast to avoid being surrounded.

Combat_du_Romulus_Gilbert_Pierre-Julien.jpg
Fight of the Romulus against HMS Boyne and HMS Caledonia, by Gilbert Pierre-Julien (1783 - 1860)

In 1831 she was part of the Experimental Squadron of the Channel Fleet under Sir Edward Codrington. On 12 September that year she took part in an experiment whereby she was towed by the frigate HMS Galatea by means of hand-worked paddles alone.

In 1856 she was converted to a hospital ship, renamed Dreadnought and became the second floating Dreadnought Seamen's Hospital at Greenwich, where she remained until 1870. In 1871 she was briefly returned to service to accommodate patients recovering from the smallpox epidemic of that year.[citation needed] She was broken up in 1875.

Dreadnought_tow.jpg


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Caledonia_(1808)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia-class_ship_of_the_line
 
Other events at 25 June


1258 - The Battle of Acre took place in 1258 off the port of Acre, between the fleets of the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice. Mounting tensions between the traders of the two cities had resulted in the outbreak of open warfare between the two ("War of Saint Sabas"), with the Venetians blockading the Genoese in their quarter. Genoa sent an armada under the aged capitano del popolo, Rosso della Turca, to relieve the blockade, and asked the assistance of Philip of Montfort and the Knights Hospitaller for a combined attack from the land side. However, even though the Genoese fleet's arrival took the Venetians by surprise, and their fleet was divided in two by weather as they exited the harbour, della Turca delayed his own attack long enough for the Venetians time to get into battle formation. The superior experience and seamanship of the latter resulted in a crushing Venetian victory, with half the Genoese fleet lost. The Genoese abandoned Acre soon after.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Acre_(1258)


1715 – Death of Jean-Baptiste du Casse
Jean-Baptiste du Casse (August 2, 1646 – June 25, 1715) was a French buccaneer, admiral, and colonial administrator who served throughout the Atlantic World during the 17th and 18th centuries. Likely born August 2, 1646, in Saubusse, near Pau (Béarn), to a Huguenot family, du Casse joined the French merchant marine and served in the East India Company and the slave-trading Compagnie du Sénégal. Later, he joined the French Navy and took part in several victorious expeditions during the War of the League of Augsburg in the West Indies and Spanish South America. During the War of the Spanish Succession, he participated in several key naval battles, including the Battle of Málaga and the siege of Barcelona. For his service, he was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece by King Philip V of Spain. In the midst of these wars, he was Governor of the colony of Saint-Domingue from 1691-1703. He ended his military career at the rank of Lieutenant General of the naval forces (the highest naval military rank at the time in France, equivalent of a modern vice-admiral) and Commander of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis. He died on June 25, 1715 in Bourbon-l'Archambault, Auvergne.

800px-Jean_Baptiste_du_Casse.JPG
Jean-Baptiste du Casse by Hyacinthe Rigaud(c. 1700)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_du_Casse


1781 - a French force of about 20 warships, commanded by Admiral Guichen, left Brest on a coastal patrol, which happened to involve sailing into the Mediterranean. They were going to provide additional protection for the invasion fleet to be an important part of the invasion of Minorca.

The Franco-Spanish reconquest of Menorca (historically called "Minorca" by the British) from its British invaders in February 1782, after the Siege of Fort St. Philip lasting over five months, was an important step in the achievement of Spain's aims in its alliance with France against Britain during the American Revolutionary War. The ultimate result was the devolution of the island to Spain in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

A_plan_of_St_Philips_Castle_and_fortifications_in_the_island_of_Minorca.jpg
Plan of Fort St. Philip.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Minorca_(1781)


1859 - Though the U.S. is neutral in the Spanish Opium War, Capt. Josiah Tattnall offers the use of the U.S. steamer Toey-Wan to the British and French during the Battle of Taku Forts to receive wounded and dead troops.

h66324k.jpg
"Bombardment of the Forts at the Entrance to the Peiho River, 25th June 1859"
"About half-an-hour after the commencement, as seen from the junks, in which were two battalions of Marines. Commencement of action 2:30 P.M."
Colored lithograph by T.G. Dutton after a drawing by Major W.G.R. Masters, Royal Marines Light Artillery, published by Day & Son, Gate St., Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, July 18, 1861. The print identifies the steamer in center as "the U.S.A. chartered steamship 'Toey-Wan' (Captain Josiah Tattnall) which rendered conspicuous service to the English and French gunboats".
Courtesy of the Beverly Robinson Collection, U.S. Naval Academy Museum.

http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-...ung-americans-first-hand-account-second-opium


1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.


USS_Texas-11.jpg
A heavy German coast artillery shell falls between USS Texas (background) and USS Arkansas while they duel with Battery Hamburg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardment_of_Cherbourg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg


1950 - North Korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War. Two days later, President Harry S. Truman supports the United Nations call and authorizes US naval and air operations south of the 38th Parallel, Korea.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War
 
26 June 1656

The Third Battle of the Dardanelles in the Sixth Ottoman-Venetian War took place on 26 and 27 June 1656 inside the Dardanelles Strait. The battle was a clear victory for Venice and the Knights Hospitaller over the Ottoman Empire, although their commander, Lorenzo Marcello, was killed on the first day.

Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1656)(Pieter_Casteleyn,_1657).jpg
Battle of the Dardanelles, by Pieter Casteleyn, 1657

Since 1645, Venice and the Ottoman Empire had been at war over the possession of the island of Crete. Ottoman forces had captured most of the island in the early years of the war, but were unable to seize its capital, the heavily fortified city of Candia (modern Heraklion). The Venetians had endeavoured to cut off supplies and reinforcements to the Ottoman army, and attempted several times to blockade the Straits of the Dardanelles, through which the Ottoman fleet had to sail to reach the Aegean Sea from its base around Constantinople.

Marcello reached the island of Imbros, outside the Dardanelles Strait, on 23 May 1656 with 13 sailing ships, 6 galleasses and 24 galleys as well as some more vessels under Pietro Bembo. On 11 June, 7 Maltese galleys under Gregorio Carafa arrived, making a total of 29 sailing ships, 7 galleasses and 31 galleys.

On 23 June the Ottomans, under Kenan or Chinam Pasha, a Russian convert, appeared in the Strait with 28 sailing ships, 9 galleasses and 61 galleys. On 24 June Turkish land batteries on either side of the Straits tried to drive the Venetians off but failed.

In the morning of 26 June the wind was from the north, and the Ottomans made good progress, the Venetian galleys being unable to assist their sailing ships. Then the wind backed, turning to the SE, trapping the Ottomans against the Asian side of the Strait just below the Narrows, and a mêlée ensued. Kenan Pasha got back past the Narrows with 14 galleys but the rest were either captured, sunk or burnt. Sultan/San Marco was the most advanced Venetian ship and did the most to prevent the Ottoman retreat, but she ran aground under the Ottoman guns and was abandoned.

During the course of the battle, the Venetian Captain General Marcello was killed by a direct cannon hit, but his death kept a secret from all but his second, the provedditore of the fleet Barbaro Badoer.

Some small-scale fighting happened the next day, and at the end of it, the Ottoman fleet had lost 4 large sailing ships, 2 pinks, 5 galleasses and 13 galleys captured, and 22 sailing ships, 4 galleasses and 34 galleys sunk or burnt. Only 2 Ottoman sailing ships and 14 galleys escaped. Of the captured ships, Malta received 2 galleasses, 8 galleys and 1 "super galley" (or galleass?). The Venetians lost 3 sailing ships burnt and their casualties were 207 killed, 260 wounded and 94 missing. Maltese casualties were 40 killed and 100 or more wounded. Some 5,000 Christian slaves employed in the Ottoman fleet were freed.

schlachtbeidardanellen1656liberi_hi.jpg

Aftermath

It was the heaviest naval defeat the Ottomans had suffered since the Battle of Lepanto, and enabled the Venetians to occupy the strategically important islands of Tenedos and Lemnos, thus establishing a tight blockade of the Straits. As a result, the resupply of Crete was effectively cut off, and Constantinople itself suffered a shortage of food during the winter. In a three-day battle in July 1657, however, the blockade would be broken again.


Ships involved

Christian fleet
Venice (Lorenzo Marcello, with Pietro Bembo)
Fregata Contarini, Tomaso Francesco, Principessa grande, Tre Re, Croce d'Oro, Principessa piccola, Gallo d'Oro, Sacrificio d'Abram, Aquila Coronata (Kronede Arend), Profeta Samuel, Arma di Nassau - Burnt, Lionessa, Arma di Lech, Leon Negro, Madonna del Carmine, Santa Caterina, Profeta Elia, San Bartolamio, Fama Volante, Ercole, Rosa Bianca, Speranza (or San Nicola), Principe di Colognia, San Pietro (hired Dutch) - Burnt, Sultana/San Marco (ex-Ottoman) - Aground, abandoned and burnt, Santa Margarita, Paramor, 7 galleasses, 24 galleys
Malta (Gregorio Carafa)
7 galleys

Malteser_Galeere.jpg
A Maltese galley. Although being gradually replaced by sailing ships, galleys formed still a large part of the Mediterranean navies during the 17th century.

Ottoman Empire (Kenan Pasha)
4 large sailing ships - Captured. 24 other sailing ships - 22 sunk/burnt, 2 pinks - Captured, 9 galleasses - 5 captured, 4 sunk/burnt, 61 galleys - 13 captured, 34 sunk/burnt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1656)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645–1669)
 
26 June 1748

HMS Fowey was a fifth rate warship of the Royal Navy, launched on 14 August 1744 in Hull, England. She spent only four years in commission before she struck a reef at 26 June 1748 and sank in what is known today as Legare Anchorage in Biscayne National Park, off the coast of Florida. She was armed with six, nine, and eighteen pounder guns and crewed with over 200 men.

english Frigate-essex-1799(1).jpg

She was a 1741 Establishment 44-Gunner Modified design, with an armament of 20 x British 18-Pounder at Lower Gun Deck , at Upper Gun Deck 20 x British 9-Pounder and at Quarterdeck 4 x British 6-Pounder.

History
She was initially built to carry 20 guns, and was commanded from her commissioning until 1747 by Captain Policarpus Taylor, who would later rise to the rank of Rear Admiral. Fowey was first active in the English Channel and the waters off Gibraltar. Her first engagement was with the French ship Mentor, whilst escorting merchants from Jamaica to Great Britain. She captured the Mentor and took her as a prize. In 1745, she was rearmed to carry 44 guns, and later that year engaged the French ship Griffon, which was wrecked in the ensuing battle.

Later, in 1746 Fowey escorted troop transports to the recently captured Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton in Nova Scotia. For most of her career Fowey was assigned to a split duty station cruising the coast of North America from South Carolina to Boston during the summer and operating out of Port Antonio, Jamaica and the Caribbean in the winter. On 2 November 1747 Policarpus Taylor was reassigned to HMS Warwick, and was replaced by Captain Francis William Drake.

In June 1748, Fowey captured a Spanish ship, the St. Juan y Tadicos. While escorting this prize and two British colonial merchant vessels to her summer duty station off Virginia, Fowey ran onto a reef and sank on 26 June. The English crew crowded onto the merchant vessels and navigated the hostile waters of Spanish Florida to Charleston. The crew of the St. Juan were given their parole and sailed for Havana.

Discovery and Litigation
Two hundred and twenty-seven years would pass before the remains of the Fowey would be identified in 1975 by archaeologist George Fischer of the National Park Service. For many years, those searching for the wreck site had been distracted by the named obstacle, Fowey Rocks, which lie some distance to the north. However, from work commenced in the United Kingdom, by Major Paul Payne, who held an artefact from the original crew, navigational data became available, from which Mr Fischer narrowed the search. Four years later in 1979 a sport diver from Miami requested title in Admiralty Court to a "wrecked and abandoned sailing vessel with Legare Anchorage in Biscayne National Park." At this time the Abandoned Shipwreck Act was a decade in the future. The United States intervened in the lawsuit as the defendant seeking title, arguing that the shipwreck was public property in a National Park and, as such should be preserved as a part of the Nation's patrimony. In 1983, the United States won the case. The court decision constituted a landmark in United States historic shipwreck preservation case law. It stated that the remains of HMS Fowey were an archaeological site, not a ship in terms of Admiralty salvage; that the site was in no peril and did not need rescuing by the salvor; and that the site is public property and a part of the United States' heritage which ought to be managed in the best interests of the public rather than privately salvaged and sold for profit.

Study
In the twenty five years since the wreck was identified, HMS Fowey has been broadly studied in the surviving documentary records of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain and has been the subject of three National Park Service field projects. The largest and best documented of these was conducted in 1983. Evidence of the wreck's function as a Royal Naval vessel include iron ballast blocks and guns, and copper gunpowder barrel hoops marked with the Broad Arrow denoting ownership by the crown. Its cultural affiliation is further denoted by the presence of English-made pewter, glass, and ceramic tablewares.

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Interesting publication:

HMS Fowey Lost and Found: Being the Discovery, Excavation, and Identification of a British Man-of-War Lost off the Cape of Florida in 1748
By Russell K. Skowronek

9780813033204.jpg

Synopsis:

Sunken treasure may seem like the stuff of legends and movies, but the seas still hold prizes to be found. HMS Fowey was a small ship, carrying 44 guns and over 200 men, captained by a descendant of Sir Francis Drake's brother. It had scored victories over French and Spanish ships in battle, but in 1748 was done in by a reef in what is now Biscayne National Park. In 1978, an underwater treasure hunter came upon a shipwreck in the park and began to search for treasure. Eventually, after years of precedent-setting legal wrangling, the National Park Service asserted ownership of the wreckage and turned the investigation over to underwater archaeologists, including George Fischer and Russell Skowronek. This book traces the life of the ship, the court martial of her captain, her rediscovery in the 1970s, and the long process of artifact recovery and ship identification. Written for general readers, the result is a story of intrigue and adventure that stretches across the centuries.

Contents
1 HMS Fowey Lost
2 When Dreams Become Nightmares
3 Rumors of a Wreck
4 Reflections on the First Salvo
5 Finding the “4th of July Wreck,” 1980
6 Narrowing the Possibilities, 1980–1983
7 Testing and Evaluation of the Legare Anchorage Shipwreck
8 Reconstructing the Legare Anchorage Ship
9 Identification of the Fowey
10 The Final Legal Salvo
11 Epilogue

http://florida.universitypressschol...ida/9780813033204.001.0001/upso-9780813033204


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Fowey_(1744)
https://learning.knoji.com/shipwrecks-and-treasure-hms-fowey-of-1744/

video about the remains of the Fowey:
https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=06AAB6AB-AD81-2F83-70AFA23EB665F665
 
other events at 26 June

1766 - HMS Saint Lawrence lost / HMS St Lawrence (1746) was a schooner purchased in 1764 and burnt after being struck by lightning in 1766.

1798 - HMS Seahorse (Artois-class fifth-rate frigate launched 1794 - 38 gun), Cptn. Edward James Foote, captured French frigate Sensible (32-gun) off the coast of Sicily

The highlight of her career was already before in August 1795 when on patrol duty accompanied by her sister ship HMS Diana and the frigate HMS Unicorn, they captured the Dutch East Indiaman Cromhout, another merchant ship and her escort. From the Cromhout alone the ship shared nearly £47,000 prize money.

A beautifull model kit of the HMS Diana - sistership of the Seahorse is available from Caldercraft / Jotika

diana-model.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Seahorse_(1794)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artois-class_frigate


1799 - HMS Alcmene (32-gun), Cptn. H. Digby, captured French privateer Conrageux (28-gun), Jean Bernard, off the coast of Portugal.

Alcmene captured the privateer Courageux on 26 June 1799. Courageaux had left Pasajes in company with Grand Decide and Bordelais to intercept a convoy from Brazil. Courageaux, though pierced for 32 guns, only had twenty-eight 12 and 9-pounders, some of which she had thrown overboard while Alcmene chased her. Courageaux had a crew of 253 men under the command Jean Bernard. After a chase of almost three days, and a one-hour running fight, Courageaux struck at 39°29′N 33°0′W, which lies slightly west of the Azores. No casualties were reported for either side

Some months later Alcmene was also involved in the The Action of 16 October 1799 was a minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars between a squadron of British Royal Navy frigates and two frigates of the Spanish Navy close to the Spanish naval port of Vigo in Galicia. The Spanish ships were a treasure convoy, carrying silver specie and luxury trade goods across the Atlantic Ocean from the colonies of New Spain to Spain. Sighted by British frigate HMS Naiad enforcing the blockade of Vigo late on the 15 October, the Spanish ships were in the last stages of their journey. Turning to flee from Naiad, the Spanish soon found themselves surrounded as more British frigates closed in.

Ethalion_with_Thetis.jpeg.jpeg
"HMS Ethalion in action with the Spanish frigate Thetisoff Cape Finisterre, 16th October 1799", Thomas Whitcombe, 1800

Although they separated their ships in an effort to split their opponents, the Spanish captains were unable to escape: Thetis was captured after a short engagement with HMS Ethalion on the morning of 16 October, while Santa Brigida almost reached safety, only being caught on the morning of 17 October in the approaches to the safe harbour at Muros. After a short engagement amid the rocks she was also captured by an overwhelming British force. Both captured ships were taken to Britain, where their combined cargoes were transported with great fanfare to the Bank of England. The eventual value of their cargo was assessed as at least £618,040, resulting in one of the largest hauls of prize money ever awarded.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Alcmene_(1794)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_of_16_October_1799

1917 - During World War I, the first Navy convoy of troopships carrying the American Expeditionary Forces arrives in France. The 14 troopships depart on June 14 from New York, which includes the 5th Marine Regiment.

1945 - USS Bearss (DD 654), USS John Hood (DD 655), USS Jarvis (DD 799), and USS Porter (DD 800) sink three Japanese auxiliary submarine chasers and a guardboat and damage a fourth auxiliary submarine chaser south of Okekotan, Kurils.

1945 - USS Parche (SS 384) attacks a Japanese convoy and sinks gunboat Kamitsu Maru and freighter Eikan Maru seven miles of Todo Saki, southern Honshu.

1950 - After North Korean invaded South Korea, USS Mansfield (DD 728) and USS De Haven (DD 727) evacuates 700 Americans and friendly foreign nationals from Inchon, Korea.

1959 - The St. Lawrence Seaway has it's official opening when the Royal Yacht Britannia with The Queen representing Canada and US President Dwight D Eisenhower from the United States formally open The St. Lawrence Seaway, creating a navigational channel from the Atlantic Ocean to all the Great Lakes. The seaway, made up of a system of canals, locks, and dredged waterways, extends a distance of nearly 2,500 miles, from the Atlantic Ocean through the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Duluth, Minnesota, on Lake Superior.

1920px-Great_Lakes_and_St._Lawrence_Seaway_map_1959.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway
 
@janos
Gern geschehen......It is a pleasure for me.
I think it is sometimes interesting not only to see bulkheads, frames and models.
It can be relaxing and also interesting to read something about the long and intensive history of our subject.
And for me I can state, that the research every day makes fun to me....be sure: I have more fun with this than you :cool:;):cool:
And a little bit we all learn something in between........
This task is only for the next 11 and half months......so it will be a long journey, and at the end a very long topc - hope that Donnie have enough GBites capacity
 
Last edited:
once more many thanks to @janos for your kind words....i will continue, today with the....

27 June 1693

The Battle of Lagos (Battaglia di Capo San Vincenzo) was a sea battle during the Nine Years' War on 27 June 1693 (17 June 1693 O.S.), when a French fleet under Anne Hilarion de Tourville defeated an Anglo-Dutch fleet under George Rooke. Rooke's squadron was protecting the Smyrna convoy, and it is by this name that the action is sometimes known.

In the spring of 1693, a large convoy was organized to transport English and Dutch merchant ships which were bound for Spain and the Mediterranean; they had been held back by the threat of attack by the French fleet, or by commerce raiders.

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George Rooke by Michael Dahl painted c. 1705

The convoy, consisting of upwards of 200 sail, was to be escorted by a strong squadron of eight English and five Dutch ships of the line, with fireships, scouts and other auxiliaries, under the command of Admiral George Rooke. This squadron was bound for the Mediterranean, to take up station there. The convoy was to be covered by the combined allied fleet for its passage across the Channel, until it was past the port of Brest, to guard against attack by the French stationed there. The fleet, which was also charged with protecting England from the threat of invasion, would then double back to cover the Channel.

800px-Tourville-musee-marine.jpg
Admiral Anne-Hilarion de Costentin, Comte de Tourville, Musée de la Marine.

The French, however, whilst they had made good their losses of the previous year, had abandoned the intent to invade in favour of a guerre de course, a war against the allies' trade and commercial interests. To this end, Louis XIV had dispatched the French fleet under Tourville, his most able commander, to set an ambush for the convoy before it entered the Straits of Gibraltar. By the end of May, Tourville had assembled a fleet of 70 ships of the line, plus fireships, stores vessels and other auxiliaries, about 100 sail in total; and taken up station near Lagos Bay in Portugal. The convoy sailed at the end of May, with the allied fleet of 24 Dutch warships under Philips van Almonde and 45 English under a leadership committee of Admirals Henry Killigrew, Ralph Delaval and Cloudesley Shovell.

By 7 June (O.S) the convoy was about 150 miles southwest of Ushant, and the main allied fleet had turned back, leaving Rooke and the convoy to proceed south. The allies had made no move to check where the French fleet was, and received no news of its whereabouts until 17 June (O.S). By this time Rooke and the convoy were in action off Lagos, having been sighted by the French on the morning of 17 June (O.S).

1280px-Lagos_1693.jpg
Battle of Lagos by Théodore Gudin

The battle
Rooke could not avoid battle, but held the advantage of being to windward. Ordering the merchant ships to disperse, his squadron took up battle positions. The battle started around 8 pm. when the rear of his squadron was overtaken by the French van (Gabaret).
Two Dutch ships, Zeeland (64, Philip Schrijver) and Wapen van Medemblik (64, Jan van der Poel), engaged the French, thus sacrificing themselves. They fought valiantly, giving the rest of the allied ships time enough to escape. When the two Dutch ships finally surrendered, Tourville was very impressed and congratulated the two captains, asking them if they "were men or devils".
Rooke declared it "one of the best judged things I ever saw in action".

Attaque_du_convoi_de_Smyrne_en_1693.jpg

The next day Rooke, with 54 merchant ships in company, was standing west. In pursuit were just four French warships. As they closed, Rooke's flagship, the HMS Royal Oak (100) guns, turned to face them. After a short exchange they abandoned the chase and drew off. Rooke and his group were able to reach Madeira without further incident, where he found HMS Monk (60) with one of the Dutch warships, and 40 or 50 merchant ships in company. With this party and stragglers collected en route, Rooke was able to reach Ireland on 30 July.

Aftermath
Over half of the convoy was saved. Some 90 ships were lost, the majority were Dutch and 40 were captured by the French. The two main goals of the convoy: first, to deliver the traders to their destinations in the Mediterranean and second, to establish a naval presence there, were defeated. For the French there was a huge gain, with prizes valued at 30 million livres. The City of London judged it the worst financial disaster since the Great Fire, 27 years previously.

For Tourville it was worthy revenge for his defeat in the Battle of La Hogue one year earlier.


Add-On
Attached you can find a 106 page pdf with Heldendaden der Nederlanders ter zee , documenting all the sea battles and actions the dutch Navy were inlvolved.
In dutch language, but also this document can be translated by google.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lagos_(1693)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hilarion_de_Tourville
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rooke
 

Attachments

27 June 1790

HMS Boyne was a 98-gun Royal Navy second-rate ship of the line (Boyne-class) launched on 27 June 1790 at Woolwich.
She was the flagship of Vice Admiral John Jervis in 1794.

4AmVytl.jpg YIFall4.jpg

Спуск_на_воду_HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(1794).jpg
Launch of sistership HMS Prince of Wales at Portsmouth 1794

First action Invasion of Guadeloupe
In 1793, Boyne set sail on 24 November for the West Indies, carrying Lieutenant-general Sir Charles Grey and Vice-admiral Sir John Jervis for an invasion of Guadeloupe. On the way, Yellow fever ravaged the crew. Still, the British managed to get the French to surrender at Fort St. Charles in Guadeloupe on 21 April of the following year. The capture of Fort St. Charles, the batteries, and the town of Basse-Terre cost the British army two men killed, four wounded, and five missing; the navy had no casualties.

Fate
Boyne caught fire and blew up on 1 May 1795 at Spithead. She was lying at anchor while the Royal Marines of the vessel were practicing firing exercises. It is supposed that the funnel of the wardroom stove, which passed through the decks, set fire to papers in the Admiral's cabin. The fire was only discovered when flames burst through the poop, by which time it was too late to do anything. The fire spread rapidly and she was aflame from one end to the other within half an hour.

Пожар_на_борту_HMS_Boyne.jpg

As soon as the fleet noticed the fire, other vessels sent boats to render assistance. As a result, the death toll on Boyne was only eleven men. At the same time, the signal was made for the vessels most at danger from the fire to get under way. Although the tide and wind were not favourable, all the vessels in any danger were able to escape to St Helens.

Because the guns were always left loaded, the cannons began to 'cook off', firing shots at potential rescuers making their way to the ship, resulting in the deaths of two seamen and the injury of another aboard Queen Charlotte, anchored nearby. Later in the day, the fire burnt the cables and Boyne drifted eastward till she grounded on the east end of the Spit, opposite Southsea Castle. There she blew up soon after.



The Boyne-class ships of the line were a class of two 98-gun second rates, ordered in 1783 and designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Edward Hunt.

General characteristics
Ship of the line with
burthen: 2010
Length: 182 ft (55 m) (gundeck) and 149 ft 8 in (45.62 m) (keel)
Beam: 50 ft 3 in (15.32 m)
Depth of hold: 21 ft 9 in (6.63 m)
Complement: 750
Armament: 98 guns:
  • Gundeck: 28 × 32-pounders
  • Middle gundeck: 30 × 18-pounders
  • Upper gundeck: 30 × 12-pounders
  • Quarterdeck: 8 × 12-pounders
  • Forecastle: 2 × 12-pounders
Only 2 ships of the Boyne Class were built
Builder: Woolwich Dockyard
Ordered: 21 January 1783
Laid down: 4 November 1783
Launched: 27 June 1790
Completed: 21 November 1790
Fate: Burnt, 1 May 1795
Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
Ordered: 29 November 1783
Laid down: May 1784
Launched: 28 June 1794
Completed: 27 December 1794
Fate: Broken up, December 1822


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Boyne_(1790)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyne-class_ship_of_the_line_(1790)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(1794)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1794)
 
27 June 1905 - Mutiny aboard the russian battleship Potemkin starts
(post with full film)


1280px-Panteleimon,_1906.jpg

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, many of the Black Sea Fleet's most experienced officers and enlisted men were transferred to the ships in the Pacific to replace losses. This left the fleet with primarily raw recruits and less capable officers. With the news of the disastrous Battle of Tsushima in May 1905 morale dropped to an all-time low, and any minor incident could be enough to spark a major catastrophe. Taking advantage of the situation, plus the disruption caused by the ongoing riots and uprisings, the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Organisation of the Black Sea Fleet, called "Tsentralka", had started preparations for a simultaneous mutiny on all of the ships of the fleet, although the timing had not been decided.

On 27 June 1905, Potemkin was at gunnery practice near Tendra Island off the Ukrainian coast when many enlisted men refused to eat the borscht made from rotten meat partially infested with maggots. The uprising was triggered when Ippolit Giliarovsky, the ship's second in command, allegedly threatened to shoot crew members for their refusal. He summoned the ship's marine guards as well as a tarpaulin to protect the ship's deck from any blood in an attempt to intimidate the crew. Giliarovsky was killed after he mortally wounded Grigory Vakulinchuk, one of the mutiny's leaders. The mutineers killed seven of the Potemkin's eighteen officers, including Captain Evgeny Golikov, and captured the torpedo boat Ismail (No. 627). They organized a ship's committee of 25 sailors, led by Afanasi Matushenko, to run the battleship.

The committee decided to head for Odessa flying a red flag and arrived there later that day at 22:00. A general strike had been called in the city and there was some rioting as the police tried to quell the strikers. The following day the mutineers refused to land armed sailors to help the striking revolutionaries take over the city, preferring instead to await the arrival of the other battleships of the Black Sea Fleet. Later that day the mutineers aboard the Potemkin captured a military transport, Vekha, that had arrived in the city. The riots continued as much of the port area was destroyed by fire. On the afternoon of 29 June, Vakulinchuk's funeral turned into a political demonstration and the army attempted to ambush the sailors who participated in the funeral. In retaliation, the ship fired two six-inch shells at the theatre where a high-level military meeting was scheduled to take place, but missed.

Leader_of_Potemkin_revolt.jpg
Matushenko, the leader of the mutiny, is seen to the left of centre. Photo taken July, 1905, after arrival at Constanța – officer at left is in Romanian uniform.

The government issued an order to send two squadrons to Odessa either to force the Potemkin's crew to give up or sink the battleship. Potemkin sortied on the morning of 30 June to meet the three battleships Tri Sviatitelia, Dvenadsat Apostolov, and Georgii Pobedonosets of the first squadron, but the loyal ships turned away. The second squadron arrived with the battleships Rostislav and Sinop later that morning, and Vice Admiral Aleksander Krieger, acting commander of the Black Sea Fleet, ordered the ships to proceed to Odessa. Potemkin sortied again and sailed through the combined squadrons as Krieger failed to order his ships to fire. Captain Kolands of Dvenadsat Apostolov attempted to ram Potemkin and then detonate his ship's magazines, but he was thwarted by members of his crew. Krieger ordered his ships to fall back, but the crew of Georgii Pobedonosets mutinied and joined Potemkin.

The following morning, loyalist members of Georgii Pobedonosets retook control of the ship and ran her aground in Odessa harbor. The crew of Potemkin, together with Ismail, decided to sail for Constanța later that day where they could restock food, water and coal. The Romanians refused to provide the supplies, backed by the presence of their small protected cruiser Elisabeta, so the ship's committee decided to sail for the small, barely defended port of Theodosia in the Crimea where they hoped to resupply. The ship arrived on the morning of 5 July, but the city's governor refused to give them anything other than food. The mutineers attempted to seize several barges of coal the following morning, but the port's garrison ambushed them and killed or captured 22 of the 30 sailors involved. They decided to return to Constanța that afternoon.

1920px-Knyaz'Potemkin-Tavricheskiy1905Constanta.jpg
Potemkin at anchor with the Romanian flag hoisted on her mast, Constanța, July 1905

Potemkin reached its destination at 23:00 on 7 July and the Romanians agreed to give asylum to the crew if they would disarm themselves and surrender the battleship. Ismail's crew decided the following morning to return to Sevastopol and turn themselves in, but Potemkin's crew voted to accept the terms. Captain Negru, commander of the port, came aboard at noon and hoisted the Romanian flag and then allowed the ship to enter the inner harbor. Before the crew disembarked, Matushenko ordered that the Potemkin's Kingston valves be opened so she would sink to the bottom.

When Rear Admiral Pisarevsky reached Constanța on the morning of 9 July, he found the Potemkin half sunk in the harbor and flying the Romanian flag. After several hours of negotiations with the Romanian Government, the battleship was handed over to the Russians. Later that day the Russian Navy Ensign was raised over the battleship. She was then easily refloated by the navy, but the salt water had damaged its engines and boilers. The ship left Constanța on 10 July, having to be towed back to Sevastopol, where she arrived on 14 July. The ship was renamed Panteleimon (Russian: Пантелеймон), after Saint Pantaleon, on 12 October 1905. Some members of Panteleimon's crew joined a mutiny that began aboard the cruiser Ochakov in November, but it was easily suppressed as both ships had been earlier disarmed.


The film about the Mutiny

The mutiny was memorialized most famously by Sergei Eisenstein in his 1925 silent film Battleship Potemkin, although the French silent film La Révolution en Russe (Mutiny on a Man-of-War in Odessa or Revolution in Odessa, 1905), directed by Ferdinand Zecca or Lucien Nonguet (or both), was the first film to depict the mutiny, preceding Eisenstein's far more famous film by 20 years. Filmed shortly after the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War of 1917–22, with the derelict battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov standing in for the broken-up Potemkin, Eisenstein recast the mutiny into a predecessor of the October Revolution of 1917 that swept the Bolsheviks to power. He emphasized their role, and implied that the mutiny failed because Matushenko and the other leaders were not better Bolsheviks. Eisenstein made other changes to dramatize the story, ignoring the major fire that swept through Odessa's dock area while Potemkin was anchored there, combining the many different incidents of rioters and soldiers fighting into a famous sequence on the steps (today known as Potemkin Stairs), and showing a tarpaulin thrown over the sailors to be executed.

Battleship Potemkin (Russian: Бронено́сец «Потёмкин», Bronenosets Potyomkin), sometimes rendered as Battleship Potyomkin, is a 1925 Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and produced by Mosfilm. It presents a dramatized version of the mutiny that occurred in 1905 when the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin rebelled against their officers.

Vintage_Potemkin.jpg Eisenstein_Potemkin_2.jpg

Battleship Potemkin was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.
In 2012, the British Film Institute named it the eleventh-greatest film of all time.


The film in full version:


The battleship

The Russian battleship Potemkin (Russian: Князь Потёмкин Таврический, translit. Kniaz Potyomkin Tavricheskiy, "Prince Potemkin of Taurida") was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. She became famous when the crew rebelled against the officers in June 1905 (during that year's revolution), which is now viewed as a first step towards the Russian Revolution of 1917. The mutiny later formed the basis of Sergei Eisenstein's 1925 silent film The Battleship Potemkin.

1280px-Panteleimon1906-1910.jpg

After the mutineers sought asylum in Constanța, Romania, and after the Russians recovered the ship, her name was changed to Panteleimon. She accidentally sank a Russian submarine in 1909 and was badly damaged when she ran aground in 1911. During World War I, Panteleimon participated in the Battle of Cape Sarych in late 1914. She covered several bombardments of the Bosphorus fortifications in early 1915, including one where the ship was attacked by the Turkish battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan SelimPanteleimon and the other Russian pre-dreadnoughts present drove her off before she could inflict any serious damage. The ship was relegated to secondary roles after Russia's first dreadnought battleship entered service in late 1915. She was by then obsolete and was reduced to reserve in 1918 in Sevastopol.

Panteleimon was captured when the Germans took Sevastopol in May 1918 and was handed over to the Allies after the Armistice in November 1918. Her engines were destroyed by the British in 1919 when they withdrew from Sevastopol to prevent the advancing Bolsheviks from using them against the White Russians. She was abandoned when the Whites evacuated the Crimea in 1920 and was finally scrapped by the Soviets in 1923.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Potemkin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin
http://www.steelnavy.com/CombrigPanteleimon.htm
 
Other events at 27 June

1796 - HMS Inconstant 1783 a Perseverance class frigate (36) saved British residents at Leghorn.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Inconstant_(1783)

1803 - Boats of 40 gun ship HMS Loire, Cptn. Frederick Maitland, captured Venteux (10 guns) at anchor under a shore battery in the Isle de Bas Roads.

1811 - HMS Guadaloupe (16 guns), Joseph Swabey Tetley, engaged French Tactique (16 guns) and Guepe (8 guns) off the Cap de Creux.

1813 - during the War of 1812 the USS President anchors in Bergen, Norway

Usspresidentatanchor.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_President_(1800)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812

1861 - While commanding a gunboat flotilla, Cmdr. James Harmon Ward is mortally wounded by a musket ball while aiming the bow gun of his flagship, USS Thomas Freeborn at Mathias Point, Va. Ward is the first US Naval officer casualty of the Civil War.

1916 - At the Battle of Los Trencheros during the Dominican Campaign in the Dominican Republic, the Fourth Marine Regiment withstands an attack by Dominican insurgent forces.

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USS Kentucky (BB-6). Photograph taken circa 1912-1916, after modernization with "basket" masts. It has been color-tinted and published on a post card. NHHC Photograph Collection, NH 52048-KN (Color).

On June 27, 1916, at the Battle of Los Trencheros during the Dominican Campaign in the Dominican Republic, the Fourth Marine Regiment withstands an attack by Dominican insurgent forces. The Dominican Campaign Medal is issued to any officer and enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who serves in Santo Domingo from May 5 - Dec. 4, 1916. Also the officers and enlisted men who are attached to U.S. Navy vessels in the region also receive the medal. To read more about the Cominican Campaign, please click here: http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-...ampaign-credits/dominican-campaign-medal.html

1942 Operation Rösselsprung (Naval)

Rösselsprung was a plan by the German Kriegsmarine to intercept an arctic convoy in mid-1942. It was the German navy's largest operation of its type, and arguably the most successful, resulting as it did in the near destruction of Convoy PQ 17. Ironically, this success was entirely indirect, as no Rösselsprung ship caught sight of the convoy or fired a shot at it. PQ 17's losses were instead due to U-boat and aircraft attacks. Despite not making contact with the convoy a number of the Rösselsprung ships were damaged in the course of the operation, notably the heavy cruiser Lützow, which ran aground in thick fog, necessitating three months of repairs.

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Escorts and merchant ships at Hvalfjord May 1942 before the sailing of Convoy PQ 17.

PQ 17 was the code name for an Allied convoy in the Arctic Ocean during the Second World War. In July 1942, the Arctic convoys suffered severe losses when Convoy PQ 17 lost 24 of its 35 merchant ships during a series of heavy enemy daylight attacks which lasted a week. The German success was possible through German signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cryptological analysis.

On 27 June, the ships sailed eastbound from Hvalfjord, Iceland for the port of Arkhangelsk, Soviet Union. The convoy was located by German forces on 1 July, after which it was shadowed continuously and attacked. The convoy's progress was being observed by the British Admiralty. First Sea Lord Admiral Dudley Pound, acting on information that German surface units, including the German battleship Tirpitz, were moving to intercept, ordered the covering force away from the convoy and told the convoy to scatter. However, due to vacillation by the German high command, the Tirpitz raid never materialised. The convoy was the first large joint Anglo-American naval operation under British command; in Churchill’s view this encouraged a more careful approach to fleet movements.

As the close escort and the covering cruiser forces withdrew westward to intercept the presumed German raiders, the individual merchant ships were left without their escorting destroyers. In their ensuing attempts to reach the appointed Russian ports, the merchant ships were repeatedly attacked by Luftwaffe aeroplanes and U-boats. Of the initial 35 ships, only 11 reached their destination, delivering 70,000 short tons (64,000 metric tons) of cargo. The disastrous outcome of the convoy demonstrated the difficulty of passing adequate supplies through the Arctic, especially during the summer period of perpetual daylight.


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Track of PQ 17, showing approximate positions of sinkings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rösselsprung_(Naval)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_PQ_17
 
28 June 1776

Army Col. William Moultries' troops defend Sullivans Island and Charleston, S.C. from an attack by British Commodore Sir Peter Parker and his fleet during the American Revolution. After a nine-hour battle with casualties mounting, Parker retreats. With Charleston saved, the fort is named in honor of Col. William Moultrie.

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Colonel William Moultrie

The Battle of Sullivan's Island or the Battle of Fort Sullivan was fought on June 28, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. It took place near Charleston, South Carolina, during the first British attempt to capture the city from American rebels. It is also sometimes referred to as the First Siege of Charleston, owing to a more successful British siege in 1780.

The British organized an expedition in early 1776 for operations in the rebellious southern colonies of North America. Delayed by logistical concerns and bad weather, the expedition reached the coast of North Carolina in May 1776. Finding conditions unsuitable for their operations, General Henry Clinton and Admiral Sir Peter Parker decided instead to act against Charleston. Arriving there in early June, troops were landed on Long Island (now called Isle of Palms), near Sullivan's Island where Colonel William Moultrie commanded a partially constructed fort, in preparation for a naval bombardment and land assault. General Charles Lee, commanding the southern Continental theater of the war, would provide supervision.

Battle_of_fort_moultrie.JPG
Depiction of the battle by John Blake White, 1826

The land assault was frustrated when the channel between the two islands was found to be too deep to wade, and the American defenses prevented an amphibious landing. The naval bombardment had little effect due to the sandy soil and the spongy nature of the fort's palmetto log construction. Careful fire by the defenders wrought significant damage on the British fleet, which withdrew after an entire day's bombardment. The British withdrew their expedition force to New York, and did not return to South Carolina until 1780.

Battle
On the morning of June 28, Fort Sullivan was defended by Colonel Moultrie, commanding the 2nd South Carolina Regiment and a company of the 4th South Carolina Artillery, numbering 435 men.[18] At around 9:00 am that morning, a British ship fired a signal gun indicating all was ready for the attack. Less than an hour later, nine warships had sailed into positions facing the fort. Thunder and Friendship anchored about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the fort while Parker took Active, Bristol, Experimentand Solebay to a closer position about 400 yards (370 m) from Sullivan's Island, where they anchored facing broadside to the fort. Each of these ships began to fire upon the fort when it reached its position, and the defenders returned the fire. Although many of Thunder's shots landed in or near the fort, they had little effect; according to Moultrie, "We had a morass in the middle, that swallowed them up instantly, and those that fell in the sand in and about the fort, were immediately buried". Thunder's role in the action was also relatively short-lived; she had anchored too far away from the fort, and the overloading of her mortars with extra powder to increase their range eventually led to them breaking out of their mounts. Owing to shortage of gunpowder, Moultrie's men were deliberate in the pace of their gunfire, and only a few officers actually aimed the cannons. They also fired in small volleys, four cannon at a time. One British observer wrote, "Their fire was surprisingly well served" and it was "slow, but decisive indeed; they were very cool and took care not to fire except their guns were exceedingly well directed."


A British engineer's map made following the engagement.

General Clinton began movements to cross over to the northern end of Sullivan's Island. Assisted by two sloops of war, the flotilla of longboats carrying his troops came under fire from Colonel William Thomson's defenses. Facing a withering barrage of grape shot and rifle fire, Clinton abandoned the attempt.

Around noon the frigates Sphinx, Syren, and Actaeon were sent on a roundabout route, avoiding some shoals, to take a position from which they could enfilade the fort's main firing platform and also cover one of the main escape routes from the fort. However, all three ships grounded on an uncharted sandbar, and the riggings of Actaeon and Sphinx became entangled in the process. The British managed to refloat Sphinxand Syren, but Acteon remained grounded, having moved too far onto the submerged sandbar. Consequently, none of these ships reached its intended position, a piece of good fortune not lost on Colonel Moultrie: "Had these three ships effected their purpose, they would have enfiladed us in such a manner, as to have driven us from our guns."

At the fort, Moultrie ordered his men to concentrate their fire on the two large man-of-war ships, Bristol and Experiment, which took hit after hit from the fort's guns. Chain shot fired at Bristol eventually destroyed much of her rigging and severely damaged both the main- and mizzenmasts. One round hit her quarterdeck, slightly wounding Parker in the knee and thigh. The shot also tore off part of his britches, leaving his backside exposed. By mid-afternoon, the defenders were running out of gunpowder, and their fire was briefly suspended. However, Lee sent more ammunition and gunpowder over from the mainland, and the defenders resumed firing at the British ships; Lee even briefly visited the fort late in the day, telling Colonel Moultrie, "I see you are doing very well here, you have no occasion for me, I will go up to the town again." Admiral Parker eventually sought to destroy the fort's walls with persistent broadside cannonades. This strategy failed due to the spongy nature of the palmetto wood used in its constructions; the structure would quiver, and it absorbed the cannonballs rather than splintering. The exchange continued until around 9:00 pm, when darkness forced a cessation of hostilities, and the fleet finally withdrew out of range.

Battle_of_Sullivans_Island.jpg
William Jasper raises the Moultrie Flag on a sponge staff during the Battle of Sullivan's Island, rallying the troops to win the fight

At one point during the battle, the flag Moultrie had designed and raised over the fort was shot down. Sergeant William Jasper reportedly ran to the battlement and raised the flag again, holding it up and rallying the troops until a flag stand could be provided. He was credited by Moultrie with reviving the troops' spirits, and later given commendations for bravery. A painting of this event (pictured above) depicts Jasper's actions.

Counting casualties, Parker reported 40 sailors killed and 71 wounded aboard Bristol, which was hit more than 70 times with much damage to the hull, yards, and rigging. Experiment was also badly damaged with 23 sailors killed and 56 wounded. Active and Solebay reported 15 casualties each. The Americans reported their casualties at only 12 killed and 25 wounded. The following morning, the British, unable to drag the grounded Acteon off the sandbar, set fire to the ship to prevent her from falling into enemy hands. Patriots in small boats sailed out to the burning ship, fired some of its cannons at the British ships, took what stores and loot they could, and retreated shortly before the ship's powder magazine exploded.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sullivan's_Island
 
28 June 1794

Joshua Humphreys, American shipbuilder and naval architect who designed the U.S. frigate Constitution, familiarly known as “Old Ironsides”, appointed master builder to build Navy ships.

As a youth, Humphreys was apprenticed to a shipbuilder in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During his apprenticeship, his instructor died and he was placed in charge of the establishment. During the American Revolutionary War he was active as a designer, and played a major part in planning the 32-gun frigate USS Randolph before the British Army occupation of Philadelphia halted that effort.

In postwar Philadelphia, Humphreys became a shipbuilder in Philadelphia and was one of the most sought after and busiest. His main shipyard complex was on the Delaware River in the Southwark neighborhood. When Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 providing for the construction of six frigates, it called on him to design them. He was appointed Naval Constructor on June 28, 1794 and began work on these ships, the beginnings of the U.S. Navy.

Reputedly, one of the inspirations for his frigate designs was the South Carolina. His designs called for ships that were longer and wider than usual, sat lower in the water and were able to equal the speed of any other fighting ships. The ships Humphrey built were more stable than other ships at the time and could carry as many guns on one deck as others did on two deck.

Preparation_for_War_to_defend_Commerce_Birch's_Views_Plate_29.jpg
The building of the Frigate Philadelphia, Plate 29 of Birch's Views of Philadelphia (1800). The man standing in the foreground may be a portrait of Humphreys.

The USS United States was built by Humphreys in Philadelphia, and was the first of the new ships to be launched on May 10, 1797. These vessels were larger than other ships of their class and formed the core of the Navy during the War of 1812, and scored several victories against British ships, although two were captured.

His six frigates were:

USS United States (1797)
USS Constellation (1797)
USS Constitution (1797)
USS Chesapeake (1799)
USS Congress (1799)
USS President (1800)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Humphreys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_six_frigates_of_the_United_States_Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien_(1778)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard
 
28 June 1803

The Action of 28 June 1803 marked the opening shots of the Blockade of Saint-Domingue after the collapse of the Treaty of Amiens and the outbreak of the War of the Third Coalition in May 1803.

A French heavy frigate and a corvette, both partially armed en flûte and unaware of the recently begun war, met three British 74-gun ships of the line. The corvette was overhauled and captured, but the frigate, sailing close to shore, managed to out-manoeuver her opponent and deliver a devastating raking broadside that put her out of action. The feat of a frigate besting a ship of the line yielded high praise for Willaumez, who had commanded the frigate. A large painting by Louis-Philippe Crépin was commissioned in 1819 to commemorate the event.

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Detail from the Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship Hercules, 28 June 1803: Poursuivantedelivers her decisive raking broadside. Louis-Philippe Crépin, 1819, Musée national de la Marine

The Action:
France had been in peace with Great Britain since the Treaty of Amiens in 1801, allowing her to consolidate her grasp on her colonies oversea. This was particularly sensitive in Saint-Domingue, where the Haitian Revolution had raged since 1791. First Consul Bonaparte ordered the Saint-Domingue expedition, under General Leclerc, to curtail the separatist tendencies of General Toussaint Louverture.

Meanwhile, the Treaty of Amiens proved to be an unsuitable settlement of Franco-British differences; its application by both parties became erratic and tensions grew. In May 1803, Britain declared war on France, setting the War of the Third Coalition into motion.

Fight_of_the_Poursuivante.jpg
Combat de la frégate française "La Poursuivante" contre le vaisseau anglais "Hercule", 28 juin 1803 (huile sur toile, Louis-Philippe Crépin, 1819) - Musée national de la Marine

In late June, these news had yet to reach the French station of Saint-Domingue. On 27 June 1803, the 40-gun frigate Poursuivante, under Willaumez, departed Les Cayes, bound for Cap-Haïtien, in the company of the 16-gun corvette Mignonne, under Commander Jean-Pierre Bargeau. Neither of the ships was fully armed or manned: Poursuivante, pierced to mount twenty-four 24-pounder long guns on her battery and sixteen 8-pounders on her castles, carried only 22 and 12 respectively and, more critically, had only 25 shots for each gun and a crew of only 150 men; Mignonne, nominally carrying sixteen 18-pounder long guns, was equipped only with twelve 12-pounders and an 80-man complement.

A 50-ship British convoy was sailing off Môle-Saint-Nicolas under escort of three 74-gun ships of the line: they were the 74-gun HMS Hercule, Cumberland and Goliath, under Captain Henry William Bayntun, Captain Charles Brisbane and acting captain John B. Hills respectively. In the early morning of 28 June 1803, the two formations came in view of one another.

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Detail from the Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship Hercules, 28 June 1803: the 74-gun HMS Hercules. Louis-Philippe Crépin, 1819, Musée national de la Marine.

Spotting two strange sails in-shore, the British escort detached to investigate and Willaumez soon identified the three 74s as British. Unaware of the outbreak of the war but suspicious of the intentions of the British, Willaumez prepared a defence in case of attack.

At eight, the 74-gun HMS Hercule came in range; after signaling the other ships in her division, she hoisted the British flag, prompting Poursuivante to hoist the French colours. Meanwhile, Goliath chased Mignonneand taking advantage of the sea wind whereas the corvette was becalmed, quickly overhauled her; after a few token shots, Mignonne struck her colours to her overwhelming opponent.

1280px-Fight_of_the_Poursuivante_mp3h9424.jpg
Detail from the Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship Hercules, 28 June 1803: Onlookers cheering Poursuivante. Louis-Philippe Crépin, 1819, Musée national de la Marine.

At nine, Hercule fired a ball shot at Poursuivante, initiating the battle. As Hercule closed to the shore to engage, she had less and less water under her keel and came into lighter and erratic winds; although these advantaged the shallower and more maneuverable frigate, Poursuivante lacked the ammunition to energetically answer Hercule' fire, and her diminished crew could not simultaneously man her batteries and handle her sails. On the other hand, because she had to ration her fire, Poursuivante aimed careful shots that soon caused significant damage to Hercule's rigging.

After two hours of mutual cannonade, at eleven, the wind fell and both ships almost came to a sudden halt, their main sailing resource now the gusts of wind from the shore. Taking advantage of this change in the weather, Willaumez ordered his gunners to cease fire and help manoeuver his frigate, quickly coming in position to rake Hercule, only then firing a devastating broadside at her stern. The damage and confusion on Hercule were such that, probably fearing to run aground, she effectively dropped out of action. This allowed Poursuivante to reach the safety of Môle-Saint-Nicolas, cheered by the crowd and saluted by the artillery of the forts.

Hercule's rigging had suffered considerably, but she only had a few wounded. Hills was forced to retire with his ship to Jamaica for repairs; HMS Vanguard replaced Hercule in Bayntun's squadron. Though Mignonne served briefly in the Royal Navy, there is no record of her actually being commissioned; she grounded and was condemned in 1804.

Poursuivante had ten men killed and fifteen wounded, her hull had sustained several shots and her rigging was much damaged. As Cap-Haïtien lacked the resources to repair the frigate, Willaumez had to sail her back to France.

After Willaumez departed and sailed around the south of Cuba, a violent gust of wind dismasted Poursuivante, forcing Willaumez to make a port call in Baltimore to repair his frigate. When ready, he departed the Chesapeake, avoided the British blockade and crossed the Atlantic, reaching Rochefort on 28 May 1804. There, he was intercepted by a British ship of the line, which he battled for 30 minutes before breaking off and finding shelter at Île-d'Aix. Poursuivante hardly sailed again, and became a hulk in June 1806.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_of_28_June_1803
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Goliath_(1781)
 
28 June 1814 USS Wasp fight HMS Reindeer

The sinking of HMS Reindeer was one of the hardest-fought naval actions in the Anglo-American War of 1812. It took place on 28 June 1814. The ship-rigged sloop of war USS Wasp forced the Cruizer-class brig-sloop HMS Reindeer to surrender after far more than half the brig's crew, including the Captain, were killed or wounded. Reindeer was too badly damaged in the action to be salvaged so the Americans set her on fire.

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Action between USS 'Wasp' and HMS 'Reindeer', 28 June 1814 (NMM)

What happened before:
USS Wasp was one of a class of three heavy sloops of war designed by William Doughty. The sloop was commissioned in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and sortied on 1 May 1814. The commander was Master Commandant Johnston Blakely, and the crew consisted of 173 hand-picked New Englanders. Blakely's orders were to raid British commerce in the mouth of the English Channel, following the spectacular though short-lived successes of USS Argus the previous year.

Over several weeks, Blakely captured seven merchant vessels. At daybreak on 28 June, while Wasp was chasing two more merchantmen, the brig-sloop Reindeer was seen bearing down from the windward. Reindeer had sailed from Plymouth a few days earlier with orders to hunt down Wasp.

b62-1-4.jpg

Action:
Wasp was the heavier of the two vessels, mounting twenty-two 32-pounder carronades and two 12-pounder chase guns. Reindeer carried only eighteen 24-pounder carronades for some reason, as 32-pounders were the standard armament for brigs of the Cruizer class to which Reindeer belonged. Reindeer also mounted two 6-pounder bow chase guns, but the brig's boat carried a 12-pounder carronade, which Commander William Manners was to use effectively.

Although the sky was overcast, the wind was very light and more than half the day was gone before the two vessels were within range. As both vessels shortened sail, Reindeer was within 60 yards (55 m) of Wasp's quarter, where neither vessel could bring its broadside to bear. Over ten minutes, Manners fired five deliberate shots from his shifting boat carronade from this position. Eventually, Blakely turned downwind to bring his broadside to bear, and the two vessels exchanged broadsides while almost dead in the water. After twenty minutes' firing, the two vessels came into contact, and some of the British crew tried to board Wasp but were beaten back. Commander Manners was mortally wounded but continued to urge on his crew until killed by a musket shot from Wasp's rigging. The American boarding parties followed up the repulse of the British crew, and swarmed aboard Reindeer. Once they had driven the surviving British crew below, the British captain's clerk, almost the only surviving officer of any rank, surrendered.

USS_Wasp_Vs_HMS_Reindeer_Engaged_In_Combat.jpg
Painting of Marines Aboard USS Wasp Engage HMS Reindeer. June 1814.

Reindeer had suffered 25 killed, including her commander, and 42 men wounded, out of a total of 98 men and 20 boys. Out of 173 men and two boys in her complement, Wasp had two midshipman and nine seamen and marines killed and mortally wounded, and fifteen petty officers, seamen, and marines wounded severely and slightly.

Aftermath
The American victory could be ascribed almost entirely to superior weight of armament and numbers of crew. The casualties inflicted on both sides were almost in proportion to the odds. Reindeer had been beaten into a wreck, and Blakely set it on fire before putting some of the wounded prisoners aboard a neutral ship and proceeding into Lorient. After the abdication of Napoleon I, France was officially neutral in the quarrel between Britain and the United States, although French sympathies were decidedly with the Americans. Blakely was forced to remain for seven weeks while making repairs, chiefly to the damaged masts, but protests by the British ambassador were thwarted or ignored.

When USS Wasp emerged from Lorient, she won further victories in the Channel before vanishing in the South Atlantic, probably falling victim to bad weather.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Wasp_(1814)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Reindeer_(1804)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Reindeer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruizer-class_brig-sloop#Service_in_the_War_of_1812
http://www.1812privateers.org/NAVAL/reindeer.html
 
28 June 1904 - Sinking of SS Norge

SS Norge [ˈnɔrɡə] was a Danish passenger liner sailing from Copenhagen, Kristiania and Kristiansand to New York, mainly with emigrants, which sank off Rockall in 1904. It was the biggest civilian maritime disaster in the Atlantic Ocean until the sinking of Titanic eight years later, and is still the largest loss of life from a Danish merchant ship.

She was built in 1881 by Alexander Stephen and Sons of Linthouse, Glasgow, for the Belgian company Theodore C. Engels & Co of Antwerp; her original name was Pieter de Coninck. The ship was 3,359 GRT and 3,700 tonnes deadweight (DWT), and the 1,400-horsepower (1.0 MW) engine gave a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). She could carry a maximum of 800 passengers.

1280px-SS_Norge.jpg

In 1889, she was sold to a Danish company, A/S Dampskibs-selskabet Thingvalla, for its Stettin-Copenhagen-Kristiania-Kristiansand-New York service and renamed Norge. On 20 August 1898, Norge collided with the French fishing brigantine La Coquette in a fog. La Coquette broke in two and sank, and 16 of the 25 crew aboard drowned. Following financial difficulties, Thingvalla was purchased in 1898 by Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (DFDS), Copenhagen, which served the route as "Scandinavia-America Line". By then, the capacity of Norge was 50 1st class, 150 2nd class and 900 3rd class passengers.

In June 1904, Norge was heading for New York from Copenhagen, under the command of Captain Gundal. She was carrying a crew of 71, 9 second-class passengers, and 694 steerage passengers. Among the steerage passengers, there were 296 Norwegians, 236 Russians, 79 Danes, 68 Swedes, and 15 Finns. Half of the steerage passengers had prepaid tickets, paid for by relatives living in the United States.

On 28 June, Norge ran aground on Hasselwood Rock, Helen's Reef, close to Rockall, in foggy weather. She was reversed off the rock after a few minutes, but the collision had ripped holes in the ship's hull, and water began pouring into the hold. The crew of the Norge began lowering the lifeboats, but the first two lowered were destroyed by waves. Only three boats were successfully launched out of the eight on board. Many passengers jumped overboard, only to drown or be pulled under by the suction caused by the ship as it swiftly sank. The Norge sank twelve minutes after the collision. Captain Gundal stayed with the ship as it sank, but managed to swim to one of the lifeboats.

According to author Per Kristian Sebak's comprehensive account, more than 635 people died during the sinking, among them 225 Norwegians. The first survivors to be rescued, a group of 26, were found by the Grimsby trawler Sylvia. 32 more were picked up by the British steamer Cervonax, and 70, including Captain Gundal, by the German steamer Energie. Some of the 160 survivors spent up to eight days in open lifeboats before rescue. Several more people lost their lives in the days that followed rescue, as a result of their exposure to the elements and swallowing salt water.

The disaster remains the worst in Danish maritime history. The wreck of Norge was located off Rockall in July 2003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Norge
https://web.archive.org/web/20100327132349/http://www.orcadian.co.uk/features/articles/norge1.htm
 
Other events at 28 June

1720 - HMS Milford (32), Cptn. Peter Chamberlain, driven ashore and wrecked on the north west end of Cuba.

HMS Milford was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1694 as HMS Scarborough. She was captured by the French later in 1694, and renamed Duc de Chaulnes. She was recaptured in 1696 and taken into service as HMS Milford. She was rebuilt in 1705 and wrecked in 1720.

1783 - HMS Nymph (14) burnt by accident at Tortula, Virgin Islands. 3 men were killed

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Nymph

1794 HMS Prince of Wales launched (Boyne class)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(1794)

1794 - HMS Rose (28) wrecked on Rocky-Point, Jamaica.

HMS Rose was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. Rose was first commissioned in August 1783 under the command of Captain James Hawkins. Rose, under the command of Captain Matthew Scott, left Port Royal, Jamaica on 26 June 1794. The next day she encountered a merchant vessel that passed on the news that Admiral Sir John Jervis and his fleet were off Basse Terre, which news led Scott to attempt to meet up with them. The night of 28 June was dark and rain squalls hid the sound of breakers, with the result that at 9pm Rose hit a reef off Rocky Point, Jamaica. The crew threw guns overboard and cut away her anchors, top masts and mizzen-mast, all in a futile attempt to lighten her and get her off the rocks. In the morning, as she filled with water, her crew abandoned ship in her boats and on rafts they fashioned out of booms and spars.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Rose_(1783)

1810 - Boats of squadron with HMS Amphion (32), HMS Cerberus (32) and HMS ACTIVE (38), attacked the forts defending the harbour of Grao, taking fourteen merchant vessels prize and burning a further eleven

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Amphion_(1798)

1814 - HMS Leopard (50), well known 50-gun Portland-class fourth rate of the Royal Navy, which was onvolved in the so called “Chesapeake – Leopard affair. wrecked near the Island of Anticosti, Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Leopard escorted a convoy from Portsmouth on 6 May 1808.[6] Leopard left the convoy on 28 July at 35°S 7°E. She then was part of the convoy assigned to Josias Rowley in the Mauritius campaign of 1809–11 in the Indian Ocean. In 1812, Leopard had her guns removed and was converted to a troopship. On 28 June 1814 she was en route from Britain to Quebec, carrying a contingent of 475 Royal Scots Guardsmen, when she grounded on Anticosti Island in heavy fog. Leopard was destroyed, but all on board survived.

Leopardchesapeake.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Leopard_(1790)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake–Leopard_affair

1830 HMS Nile launched

HMS Nile was a two-deck 90-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 28 June 1839 at Plymouth Dockyard. She was named to commemorate the Battle of the Nile in 1798. After service in the Baltic Sea and the North America and West Indies Station, she was converted to a training ship and renamed HMS Conway, surviving in that role until 1953.

HMSConway1.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Nile_(1830)

1849 - The Danishs brig St. Croix and the corvette Galathea, on blockade in the Baltic, fights the Prussian paddle steamer Preussischer Adler, off Hela in the Bay of Danzig

SMS_Preußischer_Adler.jpg

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Preußischer_Adler
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galathea_(Schiff,_1831)

1865 - CSS Shenandoah captures 11 American whalers in one day

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Shenandoah

1919 - The Versailles Peace Treaty is signed, which ends World War I.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles

1940 Battle of the Espero Convoy

The Battle of the Espero Convoy (Battaglia del convoglio Espero) on 28 June 1940, was the first surface engagement between Italian and Allied warships of the Second World War. Three modern 36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h) Italian destroyers made a run from Taranto for Tobruk in Libya to transport Blackshirt (Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale) anti-tank units, in case of a British tank attack from Egypt.

1280px-Battaglia_Convoglio_Espero_2.svg.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Espero_Convoy
 
29 June 1694 - Dutch fleet attacks French grain transports in the Battle of Texel

The Battle of Texel was a sea battle fought during the Nine Years' War on 29 June 1694, when a force of 7 French ships, under Jean Bart, recaptured a French convoy, which had earlier that month been taken by the Dutch, and captured 3 ships of the 8-ship escorting force under Hidde de Vries. De Vries was captured by the French, but shortly after died of wounds


Combat_du_Texel_1694.jpg
Painting of the battle by Eugène Isabey, 19th century, Musée de la Marine.

In 1692 and 1693 there were massive harvest failures in France, leading to acute famine and epidemics. From 1693 to 1694 over 2 million people died.
Therefore, France needed to import large quantities of grain from neutral countries like Poland, Sweden and Denmark.
On May 29, 1694, Jean Bart was instructed to sail to Norway, to escort a huge fleet of 120 ships full of grain to France. The convoy didn't wait for the arrival of Bart's squadron and left under the protection of 3 neutral warships (2 Danish and one Swedish).

The battle
The convoy was immediately captured by the Dutch without a shot being fired. Jean Bart searched for the convoy and found it on June 29 at 3:00 a.m. before the Dutch island of Texel. Despite having fewer guns than the Dutch, at 5:00 a.m. Jean Bart attacked the Dutch flagship of Hidde de Vries. After a fierce battle which lasted only half an hour, the Prins Friso was captured, with Hidde Sjoerds de Vries severely wounded and taken prisoner. Two other Dutch ships were also taken, with the remaining five fleeing to their harbor. The Dutch losses amounted to 100 killed, 129 wounded and 455 prisoners.

Jean Bart repaired the damage to his ships and took the convoy to Dunkirk, where it arrived on July 3, received by an enormous crowd celebrating their hero. On July 5, Jean Bart, his son François Cornil and his brother-in-law were invited to Versailles and congratulated by King Louis XIV in person. Jean Bart was raised into the nobility on August 4, 1694.

Hidde Sjoerds de Vries died of his wounds on July 1, 1694.

naval-battle-off-texel-jean-bart-mary-evans-picture-library-canvas-print.jpg
Naval Battle Off Texel Jean Bart


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Texel_(1694)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidde_Sjoerds_de_Vries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bart
http://jb.collection.free.fr/Biographie/Texel.htm
 
29 June 1758 - HMS Renown (30) took French Guirlande (22)

HMS Renown, launched 1747, was a 30-gun fifth rate, previously the French ship La Renommée, Sirene Class frigate.
She was captured in 1747 by HMS Dover and broken up in 1771.

An engaging waterline depiction of this ‘state-of-the-art’ vessel La Renommee, a Sirene Class 30-gun French frigate whose speed and prowess was of utmost interest to the British Admiralty. Its distinctive ‘tumble-home’ on the upper topsides was a particular feature of its naval architecture.

hms-renown-waterline-mod-webreknown-reed-(2).jpg
http://www.shipmodel.com/models/hms-renown-waterline-mod

The french frigate "La Renommee" was built as a 40-gun ship (30*12 pds plus 10*8 pds) based on the draughts of B.Oliviers as a first ship of this new class. She was known as the fastest frigate of this time. Captured by HMS Dover at 27 th September 1747 she was reconstructed to the 30 gun 5th Rate and renamed to HMS Renown. The lines of the hull and the manouvrability convinced the british admirality to built more 30-gun frigates on the second deck.

Details of this ship you can find also at Chapman´s book "Architectura Navalis Mercatoria" plate XXXI

Renown 1747 body plan.jpg
Scale: 1:48. A plan showing the body plan with stern board outline, sheer lines with inboard detail, and longitudinal half-breadth for 'Renown' (1747), a captured French Frigate, as fitted as a 30-gun Fifth Rate Frigate.

renown 1747 body plan2.jpg

large (1).jpg
Scale 1:48. A body plan showing the stern board outline, sheer lines with some inboard detail, longitudinal half breadth for Renown (1747), a captured French Frigate prior to fitting as a 30-gun Sixth Rate Frigate. Reverse: Scale 1:48. A plan showing the body plan outlines, individual waterline plans, for comparing the underwater shape of Renown (1747) and 20-gun gunships. Note that the dimensions for the 20-gun ship relate to the 1745 Establishment 24-gun ship of 113 foot. NMM, Progress Book, volume 2, folio 294, states that Renomme arrived at Plymouth Dockyard on 12 November 1747 and was docked on 5 February 1748. She was undocked on 7 February and graved 23 March. She was undocked again on 4 April 1748, and sailed on 14 May 1748. Renomme was originally named 'Fame' by Admiralty Order on 23 November 1747, only to be renamed 'Renown' on 28 January 1748.

Read more at
http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/82919.html#tAefjZzC4uMmZODw.99

large (2).jpg

large (3).jpg

Scale 1:48. A body plan showing the stern board outline and sheer lines with some inboard detail, incomplete longitudinal half breadth (no waterline) for Renown, captured French Frigate before renaming, and fitted as a 30-gun, Fifth Rate Frigate. On reverse: Body plan with outlines and individual waterlines plans with termination points for comparing the underwater shape through the water on Renown (1747) and Ranger (1747) and the new 20-gun gunship. The dimensions for the 20-gun ship actually relate to the 1745 Establishment 24-gun ships of 113 feet and explanation of the plan. Both Ships at Plymouth from November 1747 to 5 March 1748 being fitted.

Read more at http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/82920.html#CtS4tfPxsuFL5qQ1.99


There is an older kit by Euromodel “La Renommee” in scale 1:70 available

renommee02.jpg

Overall Kit Specifications
CONSTRUCTION KITS REF. 99/008
BUILDING PLANS REF. 66/008
MAXIMUM LENGTH 830 mm.
HULL LENGTH 670 mm.
MAXIMUM WIDTH 340 mm.
HULL WIDTH 135 mm.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT 690 mm.
GUNS 40
SCALE 1:70

renommee.image12196712043867175685big.jpg

http://www.gk-modellbau-shop.de/5900-La-Renommee
 
1798 - HMS Pique (38), and HMS Jason captured Seine (42).

They all grounded near Pointe de la Trenche and Pique was bilged so it was necessary to destroy her.

HMS Pique was a 38-gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She had formerly served with the French Navy, initially as the Fleur-de-Lys, and later as the Pique. HMS Blanche captured her in 1795 in a battle that left the Blanche's commander, Captain Robert Faulknor, dead. HMS Pique was taken into service under her only British captain, David Milne, but served for just three years with the Royal Navy before being wrecked in an engagement with the French ship Seine in 1798. The Seine had been spotted heading for a French port and Pique and another British ship gave chase. All three ships ran aground after a long and hard-fought pursuit. The arrival of a third British ship ended French resistance, but while the Seine and Jason were both refloated, attempts to save Pique failed; she bilged and had to be abandoned.

HMS_Blanche_and_Pique.jpg
HMS Blanche tows the captured Pique into port, depicted by Robert Dodd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Pique_(1795)
 
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