Creating ship model hulls using the method "Shell on thick frames" - by Igor Capinos

zoly99sask

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Courtesy of - Igor Capinos, Poltava , Ukraine

This presentation discusses a simple, affordable and inexpensive way to build quality basic (roughing) hulls for static ship models.

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Disclaimer
1. All set forth in this presentation are those of the author and do not claim absolute truth.
2. You can apply all the techniques described herein and methods at your own risk. The author assumes no responsibility for use
3. All the materials for this presentation are taken from public sources, mainly from the Internet.

1. On the stability of the ship model's hull.

Stability of ship models hull is the most important criterion of quality. Often modellers sees in winter the hull which was planking in summer appear sufficiently large slit between the planks. The gap may disappear next summer or maybe even greater. Because of this modeller has to go to extreme measures - to remove the trim, strengthen the body and sheathe again. To prevent such a phenomenon should modeller at the design stage hull design to provide long-term stability.

2 Analysis of today's most popular methods of building ship model hulls
Wood monolith ( of a single piece of wood ).

Wood monolith ( of a single piece of wood ).

  • Advantages - the easiest and most intuitive way.
  • Disadvantages - difficult to achieve, is only suitable for small hulls, they have a greater tendency to deformation and cracking.
Set the frames(bulkheads) in keel frame. The most known method in the production of the main sets of "models KIT"

  • Advantages - the simplicity of production set, this is usually laser cut of plywood
  • Disadvantages - Planking process is very difficult. Typically, manufacturers offer hold planks with nails or thumbtacks hammered into the end of the plywood the frame. Carnations in an end face plywood keep bad, frames can be split, planking turns sloppy. On single layer, hulls are often seen sharp bends ("ribs").

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Typical hull from a model kit. (Photo from Internet)
Plywood frames with filling. The method which has become popular in recent years. The essence of the method is that between frames plywood glued wooden wedges, which are then ground off to obtain the desired shape of the hull.

  • Advantages - simplicity and accessibility
  • Disadvantages - method is time-consuming, a lot of waste and dust (unacceptable for the dwelling).

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Hull by R.Yurchenko
Package glued blocks. The essence of the method consists in bonding in the package a certain number of sections of the body (more frames) of plywood or wood stove. Method enjoyed by even such famous masters as M.Bezverhny and D.Shevelev.

  • Advantages - a powerful stable base
  • Disadvantages - requires highly skilled craftsmen and sufficient set of equipment. High accuracy requirements for elements of the package thickness. High consumption of sheet material (plywood, wood panels) and the corresponding cost of materials. Lapping body is only grinding because of a lot of dust (unacceptable for the dwelling)

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Hull by M.Bezverkhy

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Hull by D.Shevelev
"Shell." Professional is rarely used by the method described A.Baranov. The essence of the method in a multilayer planking of wooden slats on the wooden boob ( kind of "papier mache" from wood ). For fast fixing brackets used Stapling Gun

  1. Advantages - an ultra-stable rigid base of a hull. An effective way to obtain a series of identical hulls
  2. Disadvantages - Inside the hull, there are no reinforcing elements so shell thickness should be sufficient

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Hull by A.Baranov (HMS Cumberland)

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My model of 54-gun ship of the beginning of the XVIII century on the basis of the "shell" by A.Baranov​
 
Method "Shell on thick frames"
I specifically explained in detail the method of "shell" although it is rarely used. This method is rarely used because of the high complexity of manufacturing boob. After some consideration, I have tried to simplify the process while maintaining its basic dignity. The essence of the method is that boob from a single piece of wood replaced by a set of frames of plywood sufficient (> 10 mm) thickness that allows you use stapler gun.

  • Advantages - very stable hull. Transverse stiffeners (frames) allow using only two basic layers. The direction of the fibers in the wood planks allows use to process mini-planer and minimize waste and dust. The hull has a relatively low weight, is made from available inexpensive materials, accessible for the manufacture of semiskilled modellers.
  • Disadvantages - not suitable for hulls with less than 40 cm long

Step by step description of the process.

Initial data for the construction of hull is theoretical drawing, but the more modern way is the creation of 3D models. This model allows you to quickly and accurately obtain any arbitrary cross-section body needed to create a set of frames and other auxiliary elements. The figure shows a 3D-model of the Swedish frigate based on the original drawings of F.Chapman.

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Next, you need to get the cross-section of the hull at the location of technological frames which form the basis of the hull. You need to select the material such as 10-mm plywood and draw a suitable cross-section in the location structural frames. Here it is necessary to digress to show the design of the frame and cross-section of the hull.

Midship section


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The figure shows a midship section of the hull. Frames have parts that are removed after completion of planking (see drawing ). The fault line is usually selected at the level beams of the lower gun deck. In order to get a smooth and clean break, in the frames are made technological cuts. First you break-off middle part then the extreme. Another feature of the frame is a stair in the area of the gunwale that defines the position of the edge plating.

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This figure shows the cross-section of the model's hull on a building berth. Building berth is a plank suitable size. Each frame is fixed to a pair of building berth self-tapping screws. Such a construction has sufficient rigidity and ensures dimensional stability during planking.

Set

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The figure shows a 3D-sketch of the location of structural frames. Frames allocated unevenly along the body, according to the principle "more bending surface - more frames." In the bow are three glued together the frame plus the boss filler in the nose from pine

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In the photo a set of frames on the building berth ready for plating.


 
Planking
Planking process is made from pine planks size about 12 X 1.5 mm. You can change the dimensions of planks depending on the dimensions of hull and the curvature of its surfaces. Detachable parts which will not be glued to it you must seal with Scotch tape . The process starts from the edge of the gunwale, the first plank rests on intended for this "stair" on a frame.

Plating process step by step:

1.You must choose a plank without knots and other defects. Then you try plank on the place.

2.If you need to bend the plank you dip it in hot water for a few minutes. To facilitate bending you can put on a plank shallow transverse incisions.

3. After you put PVA glue to the ends of the frames and planks is applied and fixed by a staple gun. Next plank glued in the same manner but glue is applied also on the side end face for gluing to the previous plate.

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In the process of plating, you need to lay planks naturally without much effort. If necessary, you can narrow planks or leave empty seats which you can be filled with separate small planks

After laying the first layer you need to dry hull at least a day. Then you need to remove staples using a sharpened screwdriver or another tool. Next step to smooth out the surface with the mini-planer and you can lay down a second layer of plating. Planks of the second layer are offset from the planks of the first layer by half the width for a good mix of layers. Even better planks second layer stack is not parallel planks of the first layer but at an angle. This adds great body strength and stiffness.

You need to dry the second layer about a day and then you must remove the staples and the surface should be smoothing with mini-planer. Next eliminate defects and body puttied, then slotted ports etc. , That is the usual preparing for finishing planking.


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In this photo, the hull is separated from the building berth and the second layer is treated with a planer.



Small video: how to remove breakable parts.

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In the photo hull prepared for the finishing planking. Separated parts of the frames were removed and ports were cut​
 
Drawing of Bjorn Landsrom from the book "The Ship" is a source of reconstruction of the model flemish galleon. This drawing is made by model from "El Museo Naval" (Madrid) The model was votive, therefore, was only a reference point for reconstruction for Bjorn and for me. Everything else is my own vision of what was the galleon. I have used several well-known sources as books Peter Kirsch, "The Galleon: The Great Ship of the Armada Era", Werner Jaeger - Das Peller- Modell von 1603 and contemporary prints and drawings, and so on.).

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Framesets and design in 3D


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Drawing of Bjorn Landsrom from the book "The Ship" is a source of reconstruction of the model flemish galleon. This drawing is made by model from "El Museo Naval" (Madrid) The model was votive, therefore, was only a reference point for reconstruction for Bjorn and for me. Everything else is my own vision of what was the galleon. I have used several well-known sources as books Peter Kirsch, "The Galleon: The Great Ship of the Armada Era", Werner Jaeger - Das Peller- Modell von 1603 and contemporary prints and drawings, and so on.).


253/5000
Waw, that is a very beautiful ship, and the words that appear on it in the old flemish of the 1500s, you know where I could get the plans from this Zoly? I would like to make one, even if this was the last thing I do
greetings from Ostend
Willy
 
This is a very good model - and very interesting construction method -
Sorry, I did not find the info: what was the scale of this model?
 
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