1. This is for sailing warships of the 18th century, any country. Depending upon who the master rigger was, what the rope inventory of the yard where the ship was being built was, the availability of raw materials for the yard's ropewalk, the budget, the corruption of the local yard administration, the attention paid to the current establishment, from marling to mainstay, the number of lines for a 6th rate frigate might be 25 to 30 and for a 1st rate the number of lines might be 35 to 40.
2. The rigging of a sailing ship was(is) far more complex than the model makers allow for. There were probably 3 to 4 lines on a real vessel for every one line shown on a model plan: the same problem with belaying points. You really only get into the details of this problem if you fully rig your model with sails (all of them), etc
3. At scale, I build at 1/48, I end up with about 15 to 20 sizes for a frigate. Any vessel larger than that is just tooooo big. Your comment about there being very little measurement differential between some of the scale rope sizes is very valid. You just have to use a little judgement about which sizes to combine. I use a 0.001" dial caliper to make all rope measurements; amazon.com for about $25.00. I limit my line sizes to a differential of no less than 0.002" (hopefully). Most of the real lines are in the 1/2" (0.1" ) to 1" (0.02") range.. My scale sizes in this range would be about 0.010", 0.012", 0.014", 0.016", 0.018" and 0.020" (more or less). This range is the hardest range to account for: 0.008' line is about the smallest you can work with and is next to impossible to make. To make a 0.012" line (3SR/LH) you need raw material that is 0.006" in diameter: I buy commercial thread for the 0.010", 0.012" and 0.014" sizes.
4. Hope this helps.