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SHARPIE

Dave Stevens (Lumberyard)

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A NEW PROJECT! this class will be headed by Roger

As everyone must know by now, Americans celebrate the 250th anniversary of of the Declaration of Independence this July 4th. So why not celebrate by building a model of the All American Boat. No, I’m not talking about an aluminum Lund fishing boat with its outboard motor or, Ugh, a pontoon boat. According to the late Dean of American Maritime Historians, Howard I. Chapelle it’s the SHARPIE.

In a Smithsonian Institution paper (The Migrations of an American Boat Type) he writes:
“For a commercial boat to gain wide popularity and use, it must be suited to a variety of weather and water conditions and must have some very marked economic advantages over any other boats that might be used in the same occupation.”

He then goes on to explain “that of the 200 boat types employed in American fisheries during the last 60 years of the Nineteenth Century,” the Sharpie was unique in that its use spread down the East Coast to Florida, to the Midwest along the South Shore of Lake Erie, and to areas of the West Coast. Today Sharpies are built and sailed by home builders. They are truly All American boats.

One, would, therefore, think that someone would offer a kit that captures the graceful lines of this remarkable craft. A drawing of a New Haven Sharpie is included below. Such is not the case. There is a Midwest kit of a Sharpie schooner, and the Nautical Research Guild offers plans and instructions for a Generic East Coast Sharpie on their website. Sharpie schooners are not nearly as attractive as the original New Haven built craft and the nicest thing that I can say about the NRG’s craft is that “they certainly succeeded in making it generic!”

Instead, we’ll build this one from scratch. We’ll begin with offsets of an actual boat measured in the late 1920’s by Howard Chapelle, prepare a lines drawing, make molds from the lines drawing and use the molds to build one of three models
1. A beginner version.
2. A more advanced version
3. A lean mean racing machine (about more later)
All three are built to the same set of lines. Differences are in the details. I’m building choice #3 but as we move along I’ll include shortcuts for building#1. #2 lacks the yacht like finish of #3.

Acknowledgments to:
Dave Stevens for establishing the School
Greg Davis for his Gold Metal Gundalow model that reminded me of the possibilities for building models of these Nineteenth American working craft.

My intention is to move at a pace that will allow me to post weekly. Stay Tuned.

Roger


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The History of the Sharpie

Scholars of maritime history love to trace the genealogy of different types of watercraft, Sharpies included. I won’t bore every one with the various theories. The short answer is that nobody really knows how and if the sharpie evolved from any other boat type.

One theory: oysters were originally harvested by tonging. Tongs that looked like a pair of garden rakes with long handles were used to pull up oysters from the bottom of shallow waters. The men doing the tonging used canoes carved from large white pine logs. The canoes had flat bottoms. Towards the middle of the Nineteenth Century the large white pines suitable for building these canoes and growing near the shore were gone so the oyster men began looking for a cheap boat that could be sailed yet could carry a heavy load. The sharpie was the result.


The sides of a sharpie are what is known as a developable surface. The entire side lies in a single plane. The sides were put together and bent about a single mold erected midships. The bottom was cross planked and the stem did not require a rabbit.

The leg of mutton rig with a sprit was found to be very powerful, and could be easily adjusted to flatten the sail as required while requiring little rigging. The resulting boats were very fast

Unfortunately, as the City of New Haven grew, so did pollution of nearby waters, killing the oysters so oyster harvesting moved into offshore. Oysters were then harvested by dredging requiring a larger, more powerful boat. So, during the early Twentieth century use of the sharpie in waters near New Haven declined. Howard Chapelle visited the area in the late 1920’s to measure some boats and was able to do so but the sharpie boat type was no longer active.

Meanwhile, sharpies were being used for fisheries in the North Carolina sounds and for the pound net fisheries on Lake Erie as well as on Chesapeake Bay.

Roger
 
My mistake: these were referred to as Flatties, not Sharpies. Not sure what the differences might have been.
 
Regardless of what you call it’s a nice model.

The original classic sharpie is the developed in New Haven for oyster tonging. They were half decked open boats with no skeg in the stern and they had a balanced rudder. For comparison see the drawing in my post #1 above.

The design was so successful that it has been adapted and modified ever since. It should come as no surprise that the use of plywood as a marine construction has resulted in the sharpie design being a favorite for home builders resulting in my opinion in some very ugly boats.

According to Chapelle, the Sharpie may or may not have influenced building flat bottom and later Vee bottom boats on Chesapeake Bay. Another scholar argues not very convincingly that the reseeding of depleted oyster beds with oysters from Chesapeake Bay brought flat bottomed boat construction north to New Haven.
 
THE MODEL

My intention is to build a model of New Haven Sharpie of 1900.

The Scale will be 1:32 or as I prefer to think of it, 3/8”=1ft-0”. Why that scale? Scale is always a compromise between the model being large enough for the details that you wish to show, and small enough to comfortably display. For small craft 1:32 is a good compromise. The model will be slightly longer than 13in. It is also convenient. For those of us that model using what used to be known as the English System of dimensions, 1 inch is represented by 1/32”.

Of the several books about or that include information about Sharpies, the essential one is Chapelle’s American Small Sailing Craft.

Other references:

The Migration of an American Boat Type, by Howard Chapelle
Largely duplicates information in American Small Sailing Craft. Does include larger versions of key drawings from the book.

Boatbuilding by Howard Chapelle. 80-90 year old boat building technology. Some information applicable to Sharpies.

The Classic Boat, Time Life Boats. Includes a drawing of a Sharpie being built upside down on Molds

Small Yachts by C.P. Kunhardt. WoodenBoat Edition. Includes a section on Sharpies

The Sharpie Book by Ruele Parker. Mostly about designs for modern day home built boats.

The hull for the model that I am building is shown in Figure 41 of Chapelle’s Small Craft book. The drawing is highly detailed and represents the final evolution of the New Haven Sharpie in the year 1900. A larger version of this drawing is reproduced in the Migration of an American Boat Type Paper. This is a boat that Chapelle had access to and measured in the 1920’s.

Chapelle’s small craft book includes an Appendix that includes tables of offsets for selected boats in the book. We are fortunate that this includes the Sharpie that will be modeled. In my next post I’ll explain the Table of Offsets and explain how it is used to create a lines drawing.

Roger
 
Well, I’m moving along with the build. I’m making molds so the choice of designs is fixed.

On the other hand, it would be interesting to see what HAMMS has to offer.

Thanks,
Roger
 
Hi Roger,
I would be interested in the process you are following to make the molds too.
For Prints I have the ASSC listing from Smithsonian 2022 edition (Prices might have gone up)
ASSC-41 New Haven Sharpie c.1900 Lines, inboard profile construction details scale 3/4" $10
ASSC-41A Offsets $10
Guy
 
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