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SZKUTA WISLANA (Vistula´s barge), S. XVII, Scale 1/100, Scratch

Joined
Apr 29, 2020
Messages
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Location
Lima, Peru
SZKUTA WISLANA
También conocidas como la "Barcaza del Vístula", eran grandes botes de vela y remos. Desde el siglo XIII hasta el XVIII, se utilizaron para transportar diversas cargas y granos a lo largo del Vístula hasta Gdansk. El grano simplemente se vertía en grandes cajas sujetas a la cubierta, y la barcaza aprovechaba el viento y la corriente del río. Los párrafos entre comillas corresponden al artículo "Szkuta Wislana - Marek Zuzanski – Modelarz 1985-12"

1 Historia
"La barcaza", según afirma la Enciclopedia PWN, "es el velero polaco más antiguo: sin cubierta, con vela y remo, con proa muy alta y popa plana. Cabe añadir que es el barco polaco de vela mejor descrito y documentado. Imágenes de la barcaza pueden encontrarse en numerosos grabados y pinturas que representan puertos polacos en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Las barcazas más bellas, representadas hasta el más mínimo detalle, pueden verse en el grabado de Schuster de 1770 y en la pintura de Canaleto titulada "Vista de Varsovia desde el lado de Praga", también de 1770. Sin embargo, el documento principal que nos permite reconstruir la forma, construcción y equipamiento de los barcos fluviales polacos es el informe de 1796 de Losy von Losennau. Es un inventario de embarcaciones que contiene dibujos. técnicos, listas tabulares de dimensiones de unidades, materiales usados para su construcción y equipos.
Los Szkuta navegaron por el Vístula hasta finales del siglo XVIII. Transportaban diversas mercancías: barriles, cajas y madera, y tras montar cajas especiales, también transportaban carga a granel: grano o mineral de cobre. Las estadísticas muestran que el 72 por ciento de los barcos que navegaron hacia Gdańsk entre 1766 y 1770 eran barcazas. En la primera mitad del siglo XIX, la barcaza fue destronada por un nuevo tipo de barco: el Statku, que era más maniobrable y económico.
Tras la fecha de ese artículo, se encontró el pecio de un Szkuta cerca de Czersk, en Mazovia, y gracias a las excavaciones de 2009, sabemos mucho sobre su construcción. Consistía en una gran barcaza bien conservada del siglo XV. El casco medía unos 30 m de largo, 7,4 m de ancho, 1,45 m de profundidad y tenía un mástil de 21 m. Estaba hecha de madera de roble, con fondo plano y sin quilla. Las bandas de roble tenían entre 7 cm de grosor y 34 a 48 cm de ancho, estaban atadas y selladas con musgo y tiras de pelo de animal mezcladas con alquitrán. El análisis dendrocronológico muestra que el roble utilizado para la construcción de este barco fue abatido en la segunda mitad del siglo XV y que la barcaza de Czersk navegó por el Vístula durante al menos 60 años. Muy similar al barco que se muestra aquí. Cabe mencionar que, además del patrón y el timonel, este barco requería hasta 16 tripulantes para remar o tirar río arriba por caminos, a veces asistidos por bueyes o medios similares.

2. Referencias:
https://zagle.se.pl/zeglarstwo/jachty-niezwykle-wislana-barka-aa-zeM6-owkc-1brX.html
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkuta
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkuta_czerska
https://modelshipworld.com/topic/31...seahorse-finished-1100-card-xv-xviii-century/
http://www.wiazar.pl/szkuta-wanda
https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/szukaj/szkuta.html

3. Datos generales
SZKUTA WISLANA
País: Río Vístula, Polonia
Tipo: Barcaza
Función: Transporte
Longitud: 38,50 m (385 mm)
Manga: 9,90 m (99 mm)
Calado: 1,55 m (15 mm)
Longitud total: 48,70 m (487 mm)
Altura total: 21,60 m (216 mm)
Escala: 1:100

4. Preparación del modelo
Tomé la idea e información de la revista Modelarz de 1985-1989, pero a diferencia de otros modelos elaborados, no se hizo ningún plano de marco ni quilla falsa. En este caso, imprimí con láser la parte inferior del recipiente (que es plana) así como los planos a escala 1/100 del plano y la elevación. Utilicé toda la información disponible, que incluyo en las referencias, donde hay fotos del modelo en el Museo Marítimo Polaco.
En el fondo plano, empecé a colocar bastidores horizontales de 2x3 mm y luego los refuerzos del casco, que tenían una pendiente de 53 a 60 grados. Como las bandas tuvieron que instalarse más tarde, todos estos marcos se reforzaron internamente para mantener la forma deseada tanto como fuera posible. La quilla de 4x5 mm estaba colocada en el centro, pero como no sería visible en la popa, la extendí hasta el espejo de popa. Era importante señalar que, aunque el fondo es mayormente plano, aproximadamente 50 mm antes de la proa y la popa, el nivel inferior sube unos 6 mm. Esto se logró con refuerzos temporales.
Comenzamos con los paneles longitudinales y laterales (chapados para simular tablones verticales) de la cabina de popa; Luego se construyó el tejado colocando tablones superpuestos de 0,5 x 5 mm. A continuación, se construyó la pasarela del timonel, que abarcaba todo el ancho del barco, y se añadió una tabla en la parte inferior para facilitar el acceso de la tripulación.
El mástil de 200 mm (20 metros) descansa sobre la manga en el centro; su posición es vertical. Hay un refuerzo compuesto por dos elementos curvos que van de proa a proa y abarcan el mástil.
Se preparó un recinto entre el mástil y la proa; No he podido determinar su propósito, pero es posible para la tripulación. El timón es muy especial. Tiene algo más de una cuarta parte de la eslora del barco, mide 9 metros, y es manejado por el timonel usando un timón muy largo, de más de 13 metros de longitud.
Aparte del almacenamiento de materiales, me enfrento al dilema de (a) dejar el barco vacío, o (b) llenarlo con carga a granel, barriles, paquetes, etc.
Otro problema que me preocupa es que he usado muchos cianoacrilatos y se está filtrando en varias zonas. Así que, si aplico un tinte, las manchas se notarán y no quedará bien.
Terminé de atar la vela a la, el timón de 9 metros y su timón de 13 metros, los remos, el ancla, un tanque de carga a granel (simulé la carga allí con su lona protectora), añadí un barril que tenía por ahí y completé los bitts y el cabrestante de proa.
Y sí, después de teñir la madera con un tono miel, todavía tenía varias manchas con manchas, pero un poco de pintura suaviza esos errores.
Empecé a montar los obenques, luego la vela, el bosque y finalmente las maniobras de la vela. Cruzé una cuerda para que el timón no se moviera, y creo que eso es todo.


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SZKUTA WISLANA
Or also known as the "Vistula Barge," these were large sailing and rowing boats. From the 13th to the 18th century, they were used to transport various cargo and grain along the Vistula to Gdansk. The grain was simply poured into large boxes attached to the deck, and the barge took advantage of the wind and the river's current. The paragraphs in quotation marks correspond to the article “Szkuta Wislana - Marek Zuzanski – Modelarz 1985-12”

1 History
“The barge,” as stated by the PWN Encyclopedia, “is the oldest Polish sailing boat: undecked, with sail and oar, with a very high bow and a flat stern. It can be added that it is the best described and documented Polish sailing vessel. Images of the barge can be found in many engravings and paintings depicting Polish ports in the 17th and 18th centuries. The most beautiful barges, depicted down to the smallest detail, can be seen in Schuster's engraving of 1770 and in Canaletto's painting entitled "View of Warsaw from the Prague Side," also from 1770. However, the main document that allows us to reconstruct the shape, construction, and equipment of Polish riverboats is the 1796 report by Losy von Losennau. It is an inventory of vessels containing drawings. technicians, tabular lists of unit dimensions, materials used for their construction and equipment.
The Szkuta sailed up the Vistula until the end of the 18th century. They transported various goods: barrels, crates, and timber, and after assembling special crates, they also carried bulk cargo: grain or copper ore. Statistics show that 72 percent of the ships sailing to Gdańsk between 1766 and 1770 were barges. In the first half of the 19th century, the barge was dethroned by a new type of boat: the Statku, which was more maneuverable and economical.
After the date of that article, the wreck of a Szkuta was found near Czersk in Mazovia, and thanks to the 2009 excavations, we know a lot about its construction. It consisted of a large, well-preserved barge from the 15th century. The hull was about 30 m long, 7.4 m wide, 1.45 m deep, and had a 21 m mast. It was made of oak wood, with a flat bottom and no keel. The oak strakes were 7 cm thick and 34 to 48 cm wide, bound and sealed with moss and strips of animal hair mixed with tar. Dendrochronological analysis shows that the oak used for the construction of this boat was fell in the second half of the 15th century and that the Czersk barge sailed on the Vistula for at least 60 years old. Very similar to the boat shown here. It's worth mentioning that in addition to the skipper and helmsman, this boat required up to 16 crew members to row or pull it upstream along paths, sometimes assisted by oxen or similar means.

2. References:

3. General Data
SZKUTA WISLANA
Country: Vistula River, Poland
Type: Barge
Function: Transport
Length: 38.50 m (385 mm)
Beam: 9.90 m (99 mm)
Draft: 1.55 m (15 mm)
Overall Length: 48.70 m (487 mm)
Overall Height: 21.60 m (216 mm)
Scale: 1:100

4. Model Preparation
I took the idea and information from the 1985-1989 Modelarz magazine, but unlike other elaborate models, no frame plan or false keel was made. In this case, I laser-printed the bottom of the vessel (which is flat) as well as the 1/100 scale plans of the floor plan and elevation. I used all the available information, which I include in the references, where there are photos of the model in the Polish Maritime Museum.
On the flat bottom, I began placing 2x3 mm horizontal frames and then the hull reinforcements, which had a 53-to-60-degree slope. Since the strakes had to be installed later, all these frames were reinforced internally to maintain the desired shape as much as possible. The 4x5 mm keel was placed in the center, but since it wouldn't be visible at the stern, I extended it to the transom. It was important to note that, although the bottom is mostly flat, approximately 50 mm before the bow and stern, the bottom level rises by about 6 mm. This was achieved with temporary reinforcements.
We began with the longitudinal and side panels (veneered to simulate vertical planking) of the aft cabin; then the roof was built by placing overlapping 0.5 x 5 mm planks. The helmsman's gangway was then built, running the entire width of the ship, and a planking was added across the bottom of the boat to facilitate crew access.
The 200 mm (20 meter) mast rests on the beam in the middle; its position is vertical. There is a reinforcement made up of two curved elements that run from bow to bow and embrace the mast.
An enclosure was prepared between the mast and the bow; I have not been able to determine its purpose, but it is possible for the crew. The rudder is very special. It's a little over a quarter of the boat's length, measuring 9 meters, and is operated by the helmsman using a very long tiller, over 13 meters long.
Aside from the material storage, I'm faced with the dilemma of (a) leaving the ship empty, or (b) filling the boat with bulk cargo, barrels, packages, etc.
Another issue that worries me is that I've used a lot of cyanoacrylates, and it's leaking out in several areas. So, if I apply a dye, the stains will be noticeable, and it won't look good.
I finished making the sail tied to its yard, the 9-meter rudder and its 13-meter tiller, the oars, the anchor, a bulk cargo tank (I simulated cargo there with its protective tarpaulin), I added a barrel I had lying around, and I completed the bitts and the bow winch.
And yes, after staining the wood with a honey tone, I still had several spots with stains, but a little paint softens those mistakes.
I started to assemble the shrouds, then the sail, the forestay, and finally the sail's maneuvers. I crossed a rope so the tiller wouldn't move, and I think that's it.


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The work on the ship model is stunning—it's clear how much patience and attention to detail went into each plank. When I look at projects like this, I'm reminded of the same feeling I get when launching advertising campaigns: the little details matter, and if you get one element wrong, the entire structure loses its balance. I recently came across an article that explored the intricacies of promoting gambling projects in Sweden—and, frankly, the approach there is also reminiscent of shipbuilding. You can check this out for yourself. After reading it, I began to build my strategy more carefully, and the results are much more sustainable than before.
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Incredible. It's clear the author poured his heart and soul into this and had incredible patience. I always admire people who can perfect details.
 
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