The "Shadow" 1871 Racing Yacht designed by Nathanael G. Herreschof - Half-Hull Presentation Model Build Log

[Ignatius27]

1. Build Log: The "Shadow" 1871 Racing Yacht by Nathanael G. Herreschoff - Wooden Half-Hull Presentation model

I'm starting this new project to build my first half-hull presentation model from scratch. I chose the plans from several yacht designs offered by The Wooden Boat Store, and the racing sloop "Shadow" looked a bit quirky compared to some other classic 1800's racing yachts.



I soon learned that the "Shadow" has a fascinating backstory. Most people know of Nat Herreschoff for his mature yacht designs in the 1890's for America's Cup winners Vigilant, Reliance, Columbia I & II, and Resolute. Legend has it that he drew the plans for the "Shadow" when he was a 23-year old apprentice in a machine shop. He presented the plans to his brother J.B. Herreschoff, who had recently received an order for a custom yacht. Around 8 years later, under new ownership, the "Shadow" went on eventually to become a very successful racing yacht in the Newport, Rhode Island and New York City yacht clubs. Overall, the "Shadow" won over 150 out of 180 yacht races between the 1880's and 1900's. She beat the British champion yacht Madge in one of two time-trials in 1881. The design by Herreschoff includes a skeg-like center board keel that was an innovation for its time, which would then come to dominate yacht design until the early 1900's.



Here's a picture of Newport RI with a Shadow-like yacht (probably a 25-footer) from the 1890's:



I have never built a wooden half-hull model and, after seeing some great builds of the NRG half-hull group build (esp. one built by SoS member JacquesCousteau). I decided to try. Here are some of my pre-build preparation, including selecting wood stock, enlarging drawings, preparing hull templates, and sourcing clamps (yes, a LOT of clamps).













The instructions that came with The Wooden Boat Store drawings were somewhat basic, so I'm going to be following half-hull build logs on SoS to learn how to build this presentation model. Selecting the different wood stock -- poplar, soft maple, pine, cherry veneer and African mahogany -- was fun and I used my new wood veneer sample kit to mix and match different wood species for this project.







I think this is going to be a fun project and I'm looking forward to my first half-hull presentation model!

 

[Ignatius27]

2. Build Log: The "Shadow" 1871 Racing Yacht by Nathanael G. Herreschoff - Wooden Half-Hull Presentation model

Here's the story of the "Shadow"

Shadow was the first sailing yacht designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, conceived not at the Bristol, Rhode Island boatyard for which the Herreshoff name later became famous, but at his day job. In November 1870, while employed as a young engineer at the Corliss Steam Engine Company in Providence, Herreshoff made a study model for the boat in the company's pattern shop. His blind older brother, John Brown Herreshoff, who already ran a small boatbuilding business in Bristol, had received an order for a yacht of similar size and, with both John and their father approving of Nathanael's model, decided to build from it. The commissioning client was Dr. Edward R. Sisson, a New Bedford yachtsman. The relationship between designer and client did not start smoothly: when the yacht was finished, Sisson initially refused to accept her, objecting that the builders had departed so far from conventional practice that he felt he was "experimenting at his expense." The dispute was eventually resolved and Sisson took delivery as contracted, naming the boat Shadow.


Nathanael Greene Hereschoff

Structurally, Shadow broke sharply from the centerboard sloops of her day. Herreshoff described her as roughly 36 feet overall, 33 feet 6 inches on the waterline, 14 feet 3 inches in beam, and about 5 feet 6 inches deep, with hollow sections running nearly her full length and a bilge sitting almost entirely above the waterline. She is generally credited as one of the first American yachts built with a hollow floor, a feature that gave her an unusually slack, U-shaped midsection rather than the flat, beamy "skimming dish" hull then in fashion. Her centerboard measured 11 feet 6 inches, and she carried a sail plan totaling roughly 1,336 square feet across mainsail, jib, and club topsail. That unconventional hull form proved especially capable in heavy weather, and it set the template Herreshoff would return to repeatedly in his subsequent designs.



Shadow passed through a succession of owners over her racing life, each adding to her reputation. After Sisson's relatively quiet first season, the yacht was sold to C.J. Randall of New Bedford, a member of the Eastern Yacht Club, who raced her in club regattas before she went to Casper Crowninshield, also of the Eastern Yacht Club, who took first prize in club regattas in both years of his ownership. In 1875 she passed to Tucker Daland of Boston, who raced her successfully, most notably in a 25-boat regatta at the Isles of Shoals. In 1874 Dr. John Bryant of Boston purchased Shadow and retained her for the remainder of her competitive career, sailing her with Aubrey Crocker of Cohasset as skipper and a picked amateur crew to what was reported as between 130 and 140 first-place finishes. Her single best-known result came in an international match: in 1882 she became the first American yacht to take a race from the English cutter Madge, a boat that had already defeated the fast American centerboarders Schemer and Wave. Shadow won the first race of the series decisively; Madge took the second after a wind shift, and her owner declined a deciding third race — a result made more notable by the fact that Shadow was five feet shorter on the waterline than Madge, a disadvantage now recognized as significant.


Beyond her racing record, Shadow's career was marked by a public dispute over authorship. A New Bedford newspaper article credited Dr. Sisson, rather than Herreshoff, with originating the boat's lines, prompting Herreshoff to write a rebuttal to the New Bedford Standard insisting that he had modeled "every particular" of the boat and had been developing her distinctive lines in his own mind for more than a year before he ever knew Sisson existed. The episode underscores how unusual and contested Shadow's hull form was for her era, and how closely Herreshoff guarded credit for the design even early in his career, decades before the America's Cup successes that made his name famous.


The Reliance by N.G. Herreschoff

By the standards of the day, Shadow enjoyed an exceptionally long competitive life: contemporary accounts from 1887 — sixteen to seventeen years after her launch — noted that she had "fully proved her superiority to all the centerboard boats of her class" and remained in racing even after the rest of the American centerboard sloop fleet had been retired in favor of more modern designs.

Some yacht pics with hulls inspired by the "Shadow:"

 

[Ignatius27]

3. Build Log: The "Shadow" 1871 Racing Yacht by Nathanael G. Herreschoff - Wooden Half-Hull Presentation model

First few days work on the Shadow.

Recopying plans to 1"/.5' scale. For first timers at half-hull builds it was recommended to do a model that is 1:1 dimensional with the plans. So I blew up the plans from about 8+ inches to 18 inches from stem to stern. It will be a big model, but my plan will be to learn how to use the plane (better) and the spokeshave (first-time), and will mostly be removing wood from here on in.

Purchasing wood stock from Bell Forest (soft maple & pine), Etsy (cherry veneer for waterline lift), and the Lumberyard (oak for backboard & Spanish cedar for keel, rudder and centerboard).

Rough cutting 8 lifts according to lift templates. I'm leaving between 3/8" and 5/8" of room around each template for planing and shaving.

Instructions say to leave extra space at the bow and stern to allow for clamping. I will need at least 6 more 2-foot clamps.

There is an obvious mismatch at Lift 4. This was the last lift I needed to cut and I discovered that the only plank I had left was 3/4" inch thick instead 1/2" inch thick. I will either plane that lift down to 1/2" or just pick up another plank of maple at the Home Depot.

Forgot that I need to source 3/4 and 1/2 inch brads for temporary nailing of the lifts during the fairing process. Now I really need to go the Home Depot!

 

[Ignatius27]

4. Build Log: The "Shadow" 1871 Racing Yacht by Nathanael G. Herreschoff - Wooden Half-Hull Presentation model

It looks like there will be some “tumblehome” between the top sheer line (above Lift 7) and the next 3 lifts, Lift 6, Lift 5 and Lift 4. That means that the area between the top sheer line and next three lifts (Lift 8 is not really a structural lift) bulge out slightly before the hull tapers sharply towards the keel. You can’t really make out from the side views how the tumblehome sits, but I will reference the sheer plan and body plan drawings to get a sense of how severe the outward bulge should be.

 

[Roger Pellett]

An interesting subject. Since you haven’t posted an actual lines drawing of Shadow, do you have one? The templates that you have appear to have been professionally drawn. A lines drawing will give you the full picture of the hull form and a “road map” of what you’re trying to accomplish, something that the individual templates don’t do.

Before you go further, I would encourage you to read Greg Davis’s log of carving a pair of half hulls for the Pilot boat Gracie V. You’ll find it posted here on SOS.

Roger

 

[Ignatius27]

An interesting subject. Since you haven’t posted an actual lines drawing of Shadow, do you have one? The templates that you have appear to have been professionally drawn. A lines drawing will give you the full picture of the hull form and a “road map” of what you’re trying to accomplish, something that the individual templates don’t do.

Before you go further, I would encourage you to read Greg Davis’s log of carving a pair of half hulls for the Pilot boat Gracie V. You’ll find it posted here on SOS.

Roger

Roger - I have the 3 drawings, half-breadth plan, body plan and sheer plan and they are rendered from Herreschoff's plans for the Shadow. The drawings also come with nice hull templates to make sure that fairing is done well.

But I have an ethical question - to the extent ethical or moral questions ever arise in wooden boat modeling: I purchased the plans for a fair price from The Wooden Boat Store. And I assume The Wooden Boat Store paid something to the estate of Herreschoff to have the right to reproduce and sell the drawings commercially. I have not found any public domain drawings or pictures of the Shadow, so I would think that The Wooden Boat Store is deriving profit from selling and making public these and other cool historical racing yacht plans on their website.

That being said, do I share all 3 design drawings and the extra guide drawings on SoS where anyone can copy them and build their own half-hull Shadow for free?

I agree with folx that are against piracy of intellectual property and we see that happen alot with cheap Chinese knock-offs of the Bemjamin Latham and The Harvey. So I want to be fair to The Wooden Boat Store - and their copyright information is printed on each page of the drawings.

I'll share a couple of the Shadow plans but not the 3 design drawings right now. But maybe I'm being too cautious. Feel free to talk me out of it if I'm over-thinking this.

And thanks for the referral to the Greg Davis build logs...they come highly recommended. The instructions for half-hull modeling that came with the plans are too generic. And I really need to focus on the key skill here - fairing the hull, which is much more complicated when you are trying to present a half-hull presentation model. I don’t plan to put plane to plank until I look at Greg Davis’s build logs.

 

[JacquesCousteau]

Looks like a great subject and a nice start!

Rough cutting 8 lifts according to lift templates. I'm leaving between 3/8" and 5/8" of room around each template for planing and shaving.

Although I've never done a lift model, I'd highly recommend trimming the lifts a lot closer to the line before attaching everything. I think it will be really hard to get the right hull shape with 3/8-5/8-in of excess on all sides. From what I understand (though check out Greg Davis's builds first), the lift method relies on the hull slices being the right shape at one corner, so that you know how to shape the other corner.

Not to mention that it's going to be a ton of material to remove. On my Bateau de Lanvéoc build, I cut the frames about 1/16-in oversize and it has been a lot of work to sand things down to size. The plane and spokeshave will definitely be faster than sanding, but 3/8-in is still a lot.

 

[Ignatius27]

Looks like a great subject and a nice start!

Although I've never done a lift model, I'd highly recommend trimming the lifts a lot closer to the line before attaching everything. I think it will be really hard to get the right hull shape with 3/8-5/8-in of excess on all sides. From what I understand (though check out Greg Davis's builds first), the lift method relies on the hull slices being the right shape at one corner, so that you know how to shape the other corner.

Not to mention that it's going to be a ton of material to remove. On my Bateau de Lanvéoc build, I cut the frames about 1/16-in oversize and it has been a lot of work to sand things down to size. The plane and spokeshave will definitely be faster than sanding, but 3/8-in is still a lot.

JC - I thought you built that great NRG half-hull model on a black backdrop, yes?

I know 5/8 inch is alot to leave on the lifts but since I haven't used my spokeshave yet I was concerned about removing too much wood. I'll carve it down to 1/16 and start fairing from there. Thanks for the tip.

 

[JacquesCousteau]

I did the NRG Half-Hull, but it's based on planking around bulkheads rather than making the hull from lifts, so it's a bit of a different method.

 

[Ignatius27]

I see how your half-hull would be totally different. I am going to watch all the Greg Davis videos and read his build logs before I put plank to planer.

 

[Ignatius27]

Another “Shadow” Interlude

So my wife and I are taking two weeks in July to follow the Tall Ships as they sail from Newport , VA to Baltimore, MD to New York City, and finally where we will meet them up close will be during Sail250 in Boston Harbor on July 9-12, 2026 . We are looking forward to seeing the Esmeralda, Chilean naval training ship (and close to my model builder’s heart), the Kalmar Nyckel (my home Tall Ship), the Gorch Fock, the Nippon Maru, the Juan Sebastian de Elcano, and dozens of other Tall Ships participating in Sail250.

On the way up, we will spend 2 days in Mystic Connecticut, where we plan to do a deep dive into the Mystic Seaport & Museum, and take in the Charles W. Morgan whaling ship and the Emma C. Berry Noank Smack. We had originally planned to stop at Groton Submarine Museum on the Connecticut River, but now that I’m building the “Shadow” we decided to instead stop at the Herreschoff Maritime Museum & America’s Cup Museum in Newport, Rhode Island on our way up to Boston.

I finally found two historic pictures of the actual “Shadow” during her sailing days — she was active racing for 17 years. And these pictures comes from the Herreschoff Maritime Museum. At the museum, there is a scale model of another early ship close to Nathanael G. Herreschofff’s heart…the Sprite 20-foot sloop yacht. You can see how the Sprite, the childhood yacht of N.G. Herreschoff and his brothers, echoes the hull of the Shadow, especially at the bow.






And here is the story of 18-year old Nat Herreschoff and his brothers sailing in their catboat, the Sprite (Note similarities of hull framing to the Shadow):


The “Sprite”

In the summer of 1860, twelve-year-old Nat Herreshoff steered this boat through Manhattan’s East River and its notorious Hell Gate after he and his 18-year-old blind brother, J.B., and a friend had sailed 175 miles from Bristol without stopping. J.B., helped by his dad, had modeled and built the winter before, with young Nat helping. The brothers sailed SPRITE together almost daily for three seasons, consistently winning races and cruising extensively to Clinton & New Haven, CT and Block Island & Vineyard Haven, MA. In 1933 at age 85, Captain Nat reflected on the construction of this catboat from his boyhood:

SORRY FOR THE STRUCK OUT TEXT CAN’T FIGURE OUT HOW TO CHANGE THE FORMATTING!


“In the fall of 1859, John thought he wanted a larger boat, and he, with my father’s help and advice, made a very perfectly formed model for a twenty foot boat which was destined to be named SPRITE. At the age of eleven and one-half, I had the job of cutting templates to fit the model, and from these, drawing out sections where frames (not timbers) were to be, and measuring them and [drawing] profile from the model at one-twelfth its size. I also remember well going to Fall River (Massachusetts), with John, and walking out to a sawmill that was near a cedar swamp some three or four miles east of Fall River and ordering the cedar boards to be sawed for planking etc. There was a stiff nor’wester that day and we got thoroughly wet both ways. This cedar was delivered in Bristol by the steamer BRADFORD DURFEE and was of excellent quality. A trip in METEOR was made to Warren (Rhode Island) and we brought back from the shipyard there some oak for the centerboard logs on [METEOR’s] deck and [more oak for] the keel in tow. We borrowed my brother Charles’ twenty-two foot cat boat YANKEE to go to Wickford to get oak for timbers and sheerstrakes etc. This must have been in October.

William Allen Manchester, an old boat builder of the town, and a fine workman, consented to help John to build SPRITE. He started with the keel, and had the centerboard logs and posts ready to assemble when he died from a heart attack. This was quite a shock to John and me. After a while, my father consented to help John build the boat, and the work Mr. Manchester had done in his own shop on Constitution Street, near Thames Street, was moved to the “Old Tannery,” across from my father’s house. SPRITE was set up in the west part over the floor that was partitioned off and heated as already described. Her growth was slow, but the work in her was very carefully done and the material was of the best. In the spring, Thomas J. Thurston, another old boat builder, assisted for a while. The town’s famous old sailmaker, Jonathan Alger, made her [main]sail and light jib. The sail was of hard woven Colt’s Duck 8 oz., 22 inches, with one middle bight sewn. Jonathan Waldron, the town’s blacksmith, forged the block straps and other parts from copper and the anchor from iron. My father made the block shells and John turned the sheaves from lignum-vitae. John and my father did nearly the entire work, and I helped a little between school hours.

The boat was completed and launched June 28th 1860 – the day the steamer arrived in this country – and she was rigged and tried just at dusk that day. John laid up all the running rigging etc. of cotton – spinning up cotton twine for the purpose…”

(Excerpted from “Recollections: and Other Writings” by Nathanael G. Herreschoff").




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