Naval/Maritime History 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

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20th of October

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1401 – Death of Klaus Störtebeker, German pirate

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1720 – Caribbean pirate Calico Jack is captured by the Royal Navy.

The Capture of the sloop William refers to a small single ship action fought between Calico Jack's pirate ship and a British sloop-of-war from Port Royal, Jamaica. The battle was fought in Dry Harbor Bay, and ended with the capture of the famed pirate and his small crew of which several were hanged later on as a warning to other brigands.

1744 - HMS Bonetta (14), HMS Greenwich (54), Cptn. Edward Allen, HMS St. Albans (54), HMS Thunder bomb (8) and HMS Lark hulk (42) foundered off Jamaica during hurricane.



1778 - HMS Jupiter (50), Cptn. Francis Reynolds, and HMS Medea (28), Capt. James Montagu, engaged a French ship of the line Triton in the Bay of Biscay.

The Action of 20 October 1778 was an inconclusive engagement between French ship-of-the-line Triton and British ship-of-the-line Jupiter with a frigate Medea that took place off Cape Finisterre in the Bay of Biscay. Darkness separated the combatants before any decisive result was obtained.

1793 - HMS Crescent (36), Cptn. James Saumarez, engaged French frigate Reunion with a cutter, Esperance (14) in company. Reunion was taken but Esperance escaped into Cherbourg.

1798 - HMS Fisgard (44) captured Immorlalite.

1799 - HMS Cerberus (32) engaged five Spanish frigates.


1806 - HMS Athenienne (64), Cptn. Robert Raynsford, wrecked on the Esquerques, off Sicily.

HMS Athenienne was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was the former Maltese ship San Giovanni, which the French captured on the stocks in 1798 and launched and commissioned as Athénien. The Royal Navy captured her at or prior to the surrender of Valletta, on 4 September 1800, and took her into service as Athenienne. She was wrecked near Sicily, with great loss of life, in 1806.

1808 - 21 Danish gunboats, under Cptn. Johan C. Krieger, attacks a British convoy in the southern part of the Sound. The convoy consisting of 137 ships is escorted by HMS Africa (64), Cptn. John Barrett, HMS Thunder bomb, James Caulfield, and 2 brigs. Due to lack of wind Africa could not manouvere and was severely damaged.


1813 - HMS Achates (16), Isaac Morrison, engaged Trave off Cape Finisterre.

1824 - U.S. Schooner Porpoise captures four pirate ships off Cuba.


1827 - Battle of Navarino. A combined Turkish and Egyptian armada, under Ibrahim Pasha, was destroyed by an allied British, French, and Russian naval force, under Edward Codrington

1864 - A boat expedition under Acting Master George E. Hill, with the screw steam gunboat Stars and Stripes, ascends the Ochlockonee River in Western Florida and destroys an extensive Confederate fishery on Marshs Island, capturing a detachment of soldiers assigned to guard the works.


1910 – The hull of the RMS Olympic, sister-ship to the ill-fated RMS Titanic, is launched from the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast.

1941 - USS Hornet (CV 8) is commissioned. During World War II, she participates in the Doolittle Raid on Japan, the Battle of Midway, and the Solomon Campaign. On Oct. 26, 1942, at the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, Hornet is severely damaged by the Japanese enemy and abandoned. Though U.S. destroyers attempt to scuttle her, Hornet remained afloat and was sunk by Japanese destroyers early the next morning.


1943 - Torpedo bombers (TBF Avengers) from Composite Squadron (VC) 13, then based on board the escort carrier USS Core (CVE 13), sink the German submarine U-378 north of the Azores.


1944 - The U.S. Navy lands four Sixth Army divisions ashore on Leyte. Japanese aerial counter-attacks damage escort carrier Sangamon and a few other ships, but do not hinder the landings. Later in the day, Gen. Douglas MacArthur gives his "I have returned" radio message to the Philippine people. If Leyte is lost, the rest of the

Philippines will soon follow, so the Japanese prepare to send five strong naval forces to drive off the American fleet and add more troops for the land fighting. In the following days, this response will lead to World War II's biggest and most complex sea fight, the multi-pronged Battle of Leyte Gulf.


1976 – The ferry George Prince is struck by a ship while crossing the Mississippi River. Seventy-eight passengers and crew die, and only 18 people aboard the ferry survive.

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

21st of October

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1520 – Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as the Strait of Magellan.


1520 – João Álvares Fagundes discovers the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins".

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1757 - Action off Cape Francois. HMS Augusta (60), Commodore. Arthur Forrest, HMS Edinburgh (64) and HMS Dreadnought (60), Cptn. Maurice Suckling, intercept, off Cape Francois, a French convoy bound for Europe with an escort, under de Kersaint, of Intrepide (74), Sceptre (74), Opineatre (64), L'Outarde (44), Greenwich (50), Savage (30) and Unicorn (30).

1762 - George Rodney promoted Vice-Admiral.

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1794 - HMS Artois (38), Cptn. Sir Edmund Nagle, captured Revolutionnaire (44), Henri-Alexandre Thèvenard, off Ushant, supported by HMS Arethusa (38), Cptn. Sir Edward Pellew, HMS Diamond (38), Cptn. Sir William Sidney Smith, and HMS Galatea (32), Cptn. Richard Goodwin Keats, .

Hull of HMS Revolutionnaire



1797 - The frigate Constitution launches at Edmund Hartts Shipyard, Boston, Mass. The ship is now the oldest commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy.

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1805 - Battle of Trafalgar/Death of Nelson. Nelson defeats combined Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve

1805 – Death of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, English admiral (b. 1758), John Cooke, English captain (b. 1763) and George Duff, Scottish captain (b. 1764)

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1806 - Boats of HMS Renommee (44), Cptn. Sir Thomas Livingstone, at Colon, Majorca.

Galathée, sister-ship of Républicaine française



1807 - 16 Danish ships-of-the-line, 15 frigates and corvettes, 14 smaller vessels, together with 92 merchant ships, loaded with naval equipment, leaves Copenhagen, flying the British flag, following the capitulation to the British forces on 6 September.


1811 - HMS Grouper Brig (4), James Atkins, wrecked off Guadaloupe.

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1862 - The Cairo class ironclad river gunboat USS Louisville, under the command of Lt. Cmdr. R.W. Meade III, escorts the steamer Meteor, whose embarked Army troops landed at Bledsoes Landing and Hamblins Landing, Ark. The towns are burned in reprisal for attacks by Confederate guerrillas on mail steamer Gladiator early in the morning of Oct. 19.

1864 - The wooden side-wheel cruiser USS Fort Jackson captures steamer Wando at sea, east of Cape Romain, S.C., with cargo of cotton.

1910 – HMS Niobe arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy.

HMS Niobe was a ship of the Diadem class of protected cruisers in the Royal Navy. She served in the Boer War and was then given to Canada as the second ship of the newly created Naval Service of Canada as HMCS Niobe. The Naval Service of Canada became the Royal Canadian Navy in August 1911. The ship was nearly lost when she went aground off Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia overnight 30–31 July 1911. Repairs were completed at the end of 1912 and the ship returned to service in late 1914. During the First World War, Niobe patrolled the approaches to the St. Lawrence River and then joined the Royal Navy's 4th Cruiser Squadron to patrol off New York City. The cruiser returned to Halifax, Nova Scotia on 17 July 1915 and never put to sea again. Niobe was paid off in September and served as a depot ship in Halifax. Damaged in the 1917 Halifax , she was sold for scrap and broken up in the 1920s.

1942 - The British submarine HMS Seraph lands Navy Capt. Jerauld Wright and four Army officers including Maj. Gen. Mark Clark at Cherchel, French North Africa to meet with a French military delegation to assess French attitude towards future Allied landings (Operation Torch). Eventually, the French agreed to the mission.

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1944 – World War II: The first kamikaze attack damages HMAS Australia as the Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

22nd of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 22nd of October 1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. The Battle of Liaoluo Bay (Chinese: 料羅灣海戰; pinyin: Liàoluó Wān Hǎizhàn) took place in 1633 off the coast of Fujian, China; involving the Dutch East India...

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1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company.

The Battle of Liaoluo Bay (Chinese: 料羅灣海戰; pinyin: Liàoluó Wān Hǎizhàn) took place in 1633 off the coast of Fujian, China; involving the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Chinese Ming dynasty's navies. The battle was fought at the crescent-shaped Liaoluo Bay that forms the southern coast of the island of Kinmen. A Dutch fleet under Admiral Hans Putmans was attempting to control shipping in the Taiwan Strait, while the southern Fujian sea traffic and trade was protected by a fleet under Brigadier General Zheng Zhilong. This was the largest naval encounter between Chinese and European forces before the Opium Wars two hundred years later


1707 – Four British naval vessels run aground on the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. In response, the first Longitude Act is enacted in 1714.

The Longitude Act was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in July 1714 at the end of the reign of Queen Anne. It established the Board of Longitude and offered monetary rewards (Longitude rewards) for anyone who could find a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. The Act of 1714 was followed by a series of other Longitude Acts that revised or replaced the original

1793 - HMS Agamemnon (64), Cptn. Horatio Nelson, met 5 French frigates and engaged Melpomene (40) before withdrawing.

The Action of 22 October 1793 was a minor naval engagement fought in the Mediterranean Sea during the War of the First Coalition, early in the French Revolutionary Wars. During the engagement a lone British Royal Navy ship of the line, the 64-gun HMS Agamemnon, attacked the French Navy large frigate Melpomène, part of a larger squadron, off the coast of Sardinia. Although Agamemnon chased Melpomène some distance through the night and inflicted significant damage, the French frigate was able to escape following the arrival of the rest of its squadron under Commodore Jean-Baptiste Perrée. The French ships later anchored in Corsican harbours to land reinforcements for the French garrison on the island, where the population was in open revolt.

The engagement is notable for being the first action of the war fought by Captain Horatio Nelson, then a junior captain in the Mediterranean Fleet. Nelson would go on to lead naval shore parties in the Invasion of Corsica the following year, during which the entire French squadron was captured or destroyed. He later achieved notable successes in a number of crucial battles during the war and is remembered as one of Britain's greatest military heroes.

1794 - HMS Centurion (50), Cptn. Osborn, and HMS Diomede (44) engaged and driven off from blockading Mauritius by French squadron Prudente (36), Cybèle (40), Jean Bart (20) and Courier (14).

The Battle of Île Ronde was a minor naval engagement between small French Navy and British Royal Navy squadrons off Île de France, now named Mauritius, in the early stages of the French Revolutionary Wars. The battle was fought over control of the waters around Île de France, which was under blockade from the British squadron as French warships and privateers operating from the island posed a significant threat to vital British trade routes connected to British India and China.

In an attempt to neutralise the island, the British commander in the region, Peter Rainier ordered the 50-gun HMS Centurion and 44-gun HMS Diomede to institute a blockade, which began in October 1794. Concerned by food shortages and a rebellious slave population the French naval commander Jean-Marie Renaud led his small squadron comprising frigates Cybèle and Prudente and three smaller vessels to drive off the British squadron. On 22 October, the squadrons met off Île Ronde, an islet off northern Île de France.

The battle lasted two and a quarter hours, in which Centurion and Cybèle fought a close duel which left both ships badly damaged. Supported by the remainder of the squadron, Cybèle successfully withdrew under fire, but Centurion, without support from the distant Diomede was also forced to retire for repairs. Unable to continue the blockade the British force returned to India, allowing food supplies to reach Île de France. Due to the necessity for campaigns against Dutch Ceylon and the Dutch East Indies, the British blockade was not renewed, but the French were unable to take advantage due to increasing civil unrest among the island's population.



1805 - Trafalgar prizes Berwick (74) and Fougueux (74) wrecked or foundered in a storm after the battle.

Berwick fought at the Battle of Trafalgar, where Achille re-captured her. Berwick sank near Sanlúcar in the tempest the following day after her French prisoners cut her cables. Although Donegal was nearby and quickly sent boats, many of the c.200 persons aboard Berwick lost their lives

Fougueux was driven ashore near Torre Bermeja on the coast of Spain and was wrecked. Only 25 men aboard, British prize crew and French prisoners, survived.

1813 - HMS Laurestinus (22) wrecked in the West Indies

British Sixth Rate post ship 'Laurestinus' (1810)​

British Sixth Rate post ship 'Laurestinus' (1810). Dates of service, name changes, previous and next incarnations, dimensions, armament, commanders, officers and crewmen, actions, battles, sources
threedecks.org


1846 - Lavinia Fanning Watson of Philadelphia christens the sloop-of-war USS Germantown, the first U.S. Navy ship to be sponsored by a woman.



1862 - The screw frigate USS Wabash provides artillery support for Union infantry troops at the Battle of Pocotaligo, S.C. One of the gun crew, who was seriously injured, was Ordinary Seaman Oscar W. Farenholt, the first enlisted man in the Navy to reach flag rank. The battery from Wabash took part in artillery operations all along the South Atlantic coast.

1942 - The destroyers USS Mahan (DD 364) and USS Lamson (DD 367) sink the Japanese gunboat Hakkaisan Maru southwest of Tamana.


1962 - President John F. Kennedy orders a surface blockade of Cuba to prevent Soviet offensive weapons from reaching Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. By forcefully employing U.S. naval forces, President John F. Kennedy is able to achieve his strategic objectives and deal with a dangerous and well-armed Soviet Union without war.

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

23rd of October

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 22nd of October 1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. The Battle of Liaoluo Bay (Chinese: 料羅灣海戰; pinyin: Liàoluó Wān Hǎizhàn) took place in 1633 off the coast of Fujian, China; involving the Dutch East India...

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1707 - Squadron, under Admiral Sir Clowdsley Shovell, HMS Association (90), Cptn. Edmund Loades (1st. captain) and Cptn. Samuel Whitaker, HMS Eagle (70), Cptn. John Leake, HMS Romney (54), Cptn. William Coney, and HMS Firebrand fireship (8), wrecked on the Scilly Islands.

1762 - HMS Brune (32), Cptn. Tobyn, took French frigate Oiseau (26), Chevalier de Mode, off Cartagena.

Brune was a Blonde class 30-gun frigate of the French Navy. She took part in the naval battles of the Seven Year War, and was captured by the British. Recommissioned in the Royal Navy as the 32-gun HMS Brune, she served until 1792.

1764 – Death of Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideuc, Comte Dubois de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1683)

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1777 - HMS Augusta (64) and the sloop HMS Merlin, Cdr. Samuel Reeve, took the ground, while attacking American Fort Mifflin, Delaware. Augusta accidentally caught fire and blew up and Merlin was also set on fire and abandoned.

On the evening of 22 October 1777, the Augusta and several other warships had sailed up the Delaware River to a point a short distance below some man-made chevaux de frise obstructions[3] in order to fire at Fort Mercer the following day. As the tide fell, both Augusta and HMS Merlin (16) went aground. Despite attempts during the night by HMS Roebuck (44) to free Augusta from its predicament, the warship remained hard aground. About 9:00 AM on 23 October, a general action started with HMS Pearl (32) and HMS Liverpool (28) joining other vessels in the bombardment. The British ships were engaged by Fort Mifflin and the Pennsylvania Navy, which launched four fire ships. At about 2:00 PM, the Augusta caught fire near its stern, according to an American eyewitness. The fire spread rapidly and soon the entire vessel was wrapped in flames. After about an hour the fire reached the magazine and the ship exploded. The blast smashed windows in Philadelphia and was heard 30 miles (48 km) away in Trappe, Pennsylvania. The loss of the Augusta was attributed to various causes. The British claimed that the blaze was started when wadding from the guns set the rigging on fire or that the crew intentionally set the blaze. Some Americans asserted that Augusta was ignited by a fire ship while others stated that its loss was caused by red-hot shot from Fort Mifflin. John Montresor, the British officer in charge of the Siege of Fort Mifflin, wrote that one lieutenant, the ship's chaplain and 60 of Augusta's ratings were killed while struggling in the water. Soon after, the crew of Merlin abandoned ship and set their ship on fire. It blew up later in the day.

1790 - William Bligh court martialled for loss of HMS Bounty.

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1804 - HMS Conflict (12), Lt. Charles Cutts Ormsby, lost in engagement off Ostend.

HMS Conflict (1801) was a 12-gun gun-brig launched in 1801 that grounded in 1804, enabling the French to capture her; the French Navy commissioned her in October 1806, renamed her Lynx in September 1814, reverted to Conflict in March 1815, and Lynx again in July 1815. She was struck from the Navy at Rochefort in October 1834 and broken up in November.


1805 - Trafalgar prizes Santisima Trinidad (136), Rayo (100), Bucentaure (80), Neptuno (80), L'Aigle (74), Redoutable (74) and San Francisco de Asis (74) wrecked or foundered in a storm after the battle.

Santísima Trinidad (officially named Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad by royal order on 12 March 1768, nicknamed La Real, sometimes confused with the galleon Santísima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin) was a Spanish first-rate ship of the line with 112 guns. This was increased in 1795–96 to 130 guns by closing in the spar deck between the quarterdeck and forecastle, and around 1802 to 140 guns, thus creating what was in effect a continuous fourth gundeck although the extra guns added were actually relatively small. She was the heaviest-armed ship in the world when rebuilt, and bore the most guns of any ship of the line outfitted in the Age of Sail.

1813 - HMS Andromache (38), Capt. G. Tobin, captured French frigate Trave (44)

On 23 October 1813 Andromache captured the French frigate Trave after an engagement of only 15 minutes. Trave, although a new vessel, had lost her masts in a storm and was sailing under jury-rigged masts and so unable to maneuver. She was armed with twenty-eight French 18-pounder long guns sixteen 18-pounder carronades, and had a crew of 321 men, almost all Dutch. Before she struck she had one man killed, and 28 men wounded, including her commander capitaine de frégate Jacob Van Maren. Andromache had little damage and only two men wounded. The Royal Navy took Trave into service as the troopship Trave. At the time of the capture the ketch HMS Gleaner was in sight, though it is not clear what she could have added had the engagement lasted longer.

The French frigate Trave was a Pallas-class frigate of the French Navy, launched at Amsterdam in 1812. After the Royal Navy captured her in 1813 in the North Sea, it took her into service as the troopship HMS Trave. She served in the Potomac and her boats participated in the Battle of Lake Borgne during the War of 1812. She was sold on 7 June 1821.

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1862 - CSS Alabama, commanded by Capt. Raphael Semmes, captures and burns the American bark Lafayette south of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

CSS Alabama was a screw sloop-of-war built in 1862 for the Confederate States Navy at Birkenhead on the River Mersey opposite Liverpool, England by John Laird Sons and Company. Alabama served as a successful commerce raider, attacking Union merchant and naval ships over the course of her two-year career, during which she never docked at a Southern port. She was sunk in June 1864 by USS Kearsarge at the Battle of Cherbourg outside the port of Cherbourg, France.

1864 - During the Civil War, the blockade-runner Flamingo, which is run aground off Sullivans Island, S.C., is destroyed by shell fire from Fort Strong and Putnam, Battery Chatfield, and ships of Rear Adm. John A. Dahlgren's South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.


1942 - USS Kingfish (SS 234) sinks Japanese gunboat at the entrance to Kii Suido, Honshu, Japan.


1944 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf, considered the largest naval battle of World War II, begins with the U.S. submarines attacking two elements of the Japanese armada moving towards Leyte. In the Palawan Passage, USS Darter and USS Dace sink heavy cruisers Maya and Atago. Takao is also hit, but survives. Off Manila Bay, USS Bream's torpedoes damage the heavy cruiser Aoba.

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1983 - A suicide truck bomb explodes at the Marine Barracks at Beirut Airport and kills 241 Americans (220 Marines, 18 Sailors, and three Army Soldiers).

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

24th of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 24th of October - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 22nd of October 1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. The Battle of Liaoluo Bay (Chinese: 料羅灣海戰; pinyin: Liàoluó Wān Hǎizhàn) took place in 1633 off the coast of Fujian, China; involving the Dutch East India...

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1744 - HMS Colchester (50), Cptn. Frederick Cornwall, wrecked after striking the sands between Long Sand and Kentish Knock on 21 October - The ship was only 2 months in service

1763 – Launch of HMS Augusta, a 64-gun third rate St Alban class ship of the line

1798 – Launch of French Tonnant, 80 gun Tonnant-class ship of the line

"HMS Tonnant" at the Battle of the Nile


1793 - HMS Thames (1758 - 32) engaged Uranie, Cptn. Jean-François Tartu (Killed in Action).

1944 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf - day 24th October

the light aircraft carrier Princeton on fire, east of Luzon, on 24 October 1944.


1944 - The Japanese battleship Musashi is sunk by American aircraft in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

25th of October

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1747 - Second battle of Finisterre
The Second Battle of Cape Finisterre was a naval battle which took place on 25 October 1747 (14 October 1747 in the Julian calendar then in use in Britain) during the War of the Austrian Succession. A British fleet of fourteen ships of the line commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Hawke intercepted a French convoy protected by eight French ships of the line commanded by Admiral Desherbiers de l'Etenduère.
The battle took place in the eastern Atlantic, roughly halfway between Ireland and Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain. It was a decisive British victory that has been described as "the most brilliant naval action of the war". It put an end to French naval operations for the remainder of the war, thus eliminating any threat of an invasion of Britain and threatening the very existence of France's empire overseas.

1756 – Launch of French Vengeur 64 at Lorient for the Compagnie des Indies

1794 - Launch of HMS Mars , a 74-gun Mars-class

1799 – The Cutting Out of the Hermione
The Cutting out of the Hermione, or Capture of Hermione, was a naval action that took place at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela on 25 October 1799. The formerly British frigate HMS Hermione, which had been handed over to the Spanish by its crew following a vicious mutiny, lay in the heavily guarded sea port of Puerto Cabello now under the command of Don Ramon de Chalas. A British frigate, HMS Surprise, was sent under Edward Hamilton to recapture Hermione. In naval terms this was called a cutting out operation—a boarding attack by small boats, preferably at night and against an unsuspecting and anchored target. This had become a popular tactic during the later 18th century.

1812 - USS United States vs HMS Macedonian, ending with capture of HMS Macedonian

1918 – SS Princess Sophia sinks north of Juneau, Alaska with loss of all 343 passengers and crew.

1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.

1944 - Japanese battleship Fusō sunk during the Battle of Leyte Gulf

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

25th of October

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1747 - Second battle of Finisterre
The Second Battle of Cape Finisterre was a naval battle which took place on 25 October 1747 (14 October 1747 in the Julian calendar then in use in Britain) during the War of the Austrian Succession. A British fleet of fourteen ships of the line commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Hawke intercepted a French convoy protected by eight French ships of the line commanded by Admiral Desherbiers de l'Etenduère.
The battle took place in the eastern Atlantic, roughly halfway between Ireland and Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain. It was a decisive British victory that has been described as "the most brilliant naval action of the war". It put an end to French naval operations for the remainder of the war, thus eliminating any threat of an invasion of Britain and threatening the very existence of France's empire overseas.

1756 – Launch of French Vengeur 64 at Lorient for the Compagnie des Indies

1794 - Launch of HMS Mars , a 74-gun Mars-class

1799 – The Cutting Out of the Hermione
The Cutting out of the Hermione, or Capture of Hermione, was a naval action that took place at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela on 25 October 1799. The formerly British frigate HMS Hermione, which had been handed over to the Spanish by its crew following a vicious mutiny, lay in the heavily guarded sea port of Puerto Cabello now under the command of Don Ramon de Chalas. A British frigate, HMS Surprise, was sent under Edward Hamilton to recapture Hermione. In naval terms this was called a cutting out operation—a boarding attack by small boats, preferably at night and against an unsuspecting and anchored target. This had become a popular tactic during the later 18th century.

1812 - USS United States vs HMS Macedonian, ending with capture of HMS Macedonian

1918 – SS Princess Sophia sinks north of Juneau, Alaska with loss of all 343 passengers and crew.

1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.

1944 - Japanese battleship Fusō sunk during the Battle of Leyte Gulf

The Japanese sure went all out with the superstructure on some of their ships.

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

26th of October

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 25 October 1799 – The Cutting Out of the Hermione The Cutting out of the Hermione, or Capture of Hermione, was a naval action that took place at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela on 25 October 1799. The formerly British frigate HMS Hermione...

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1588 - La Girona was a galleass of the 1588 Spanish Armada that foundered and sank off Lacada Point, County Antrim

1805 – Spanish Rayo, an 80-gun ship of the line wrecked

1859 – The Royal Charter is wrecked on the coast of Anglesey, north Wales with 459 dead

1893 - The battleship USS Oregon (BB 3) launches. During the Spanish-American War, she participates in the Battle of Santiago. After decommissioning in 1924, she serves as a historic ship before being sold to become a storage hulk for ammunition during World War II.

1942 – World War II: In the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands during the Guadalcanal Campaign, one U.S. aircraft carrier, Hornet, is sunk and another aircraft carrier, Enterprise, is heavily damaged, while two Japanese carriers and one cruiser are heavily damaged.

A damaged Japanese dive bomber (upper left) dives towards Hornet at 09:14 .

 

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

27th of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 26 October 1740 – Launch of French Sérieux 64 at Toulon, designed and begun by René, completed by Pierre-Blaise Coulomb – captured by the British in the First Battle of Cape Finisterre in May 1747 1768 – Launch of...

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1800 - Boats of HMS Phaeton (38), Sir James Nicoll Morris,cut out San Josef (8) from Fuengirola

A contemporary Japanese drawing of the HMS Phaeton; in custody of the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture


1864 - Lt. William Cushing, USN, sinks Confederate ram CSS Albemarle with a spar torpedo attached to the bow of his launch.

1877 - The tall ship Elissa is a three-masted barque.is launched

1914 – The British lose their first battleship of World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons) is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

28th of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 26 October 1740 – Launch of French Sérieux 64 at Toulon, designed and begun by René, completed by Pierre-Blaise Coulomb – captured by the British in the First Battle of Cape Finisterre in May 1747 1768 – Launch of...

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1784 – Launch of HMS Crescent, a 36-gun Flora-Class frigate of the British Royal Navy

1805 - spanish 74 gun ship Monarca run aground

1806 – Launch of french Pénélope, 40-gun Armide-class frigate, at Bordeaux

1914 - Battle of Penang

Emden underway in 1910

1940 - The RMS Empress of Britain was an ocean liner torpedoed and sunk

 

[ConsNZ]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History
29 October 1894 - SS Wairarapa, a New Zealand ship of the late 19th century plying the route between Auckland, New Zealand and Australia, hit a reef at the northern edge of Great Barrier Island, about 100 km out from Auckland, and sank. The death toll of around 140 people remains one of the largest such losses in the country's history..


SS Wairarapa was a New Zealand ship of the late 19th century plying the route between Auckland, New Zealand and Australia. It came to tragic fame when it hit a reef at the northern edge of Great Barrier Island, about 100 km out from Auckland, and sank. The death toll of around 140 people remains one of the largest such losses in the country's history. The ship was named for the Wairarapa region.

View attachment 59811


Wrecking
Wairarapa was built in Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1882, for the Union Steam Ship Company. Soon after launch she sailed to New Zealand, to become one of a small number of luxury steamers plying the route across the Tasman Sea to Australia.

Wairarapa sailed from Sydney, Australia, on Wednesday, 24 October 1894. The ship’s destination was the rapidly growing New Zealand port city of Auckland, 2,000 miles away. As Wairarapa rounded the top of the North Island of New Zealand four days later, fog and storms set in. However, Captain John S. McIntosh refused to slow the ship from 13 knots, nearly full speed despite the thick fog. Fatally, the ship went off-course, possibly due to a faulty compass bearing. At the subsequent Court of Enquiry into the incident, some even suggested the ship had been steered by dead reckoning rather than using a compass at all. Whatever the cause, the ship skirted to the west of the Poor Knights Islands, not the east. As a consequence she was much closer to the mainland than the ship’s crew believed.

At around 8 minutes past midnight on Monday, 29 October 1894, the ship was wrecked on the steep cliffs near Miners Head on the northern tip of Great Barrier Island, off the coast of Auckland.

View attachment 59812

View attachment 59810
The wreck of the SS Wairarapa, wrecked at Miners Head, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand in 1894

The hours after the wreck saw great loss of life. Many passengers could not swim and drowned in the rough seas trying to make it to shore. One liferaft was seen floating out to sea and was never sighted again. Many men, including a large portion of the crew, took to one of the lifeboats, leaving women and children behind. A number of people took refuge in the ship’s rigging. At about 3 am Captain McIntosh jumped into the sea and was presumed drowned. Several other lifeboats which had been safely launched stayed near the stricken ship and picked survivors from the sea where possible.

One lifeboat eventually succeeded in reaching a local community of Ngati Wai Māori based at Katherine Bay, on the western coast of the island. They were able to rescue and provide care for a number of the survivors. Seaman, fisherman and farmer Mariano Vella and his new wife belonged to the survivors of the disaster.[3]

Although Wairarapa was expected in Auckland, there was no way of knowing where she may have come to grief. As the only contact with the island at the time was via weekly trips from a steamer, it was three full days until news of the shipwreck reached Auckland.

The Northern Company's steamer Argyle arrived in Port FitzRoy on Wednesday, 31 October, and took the survivors who had reached Port FitzRoy on board. The steamer then proceeded to the site of the shipwreck, and to Katherine Bay, picking up further survivors and sailing back to arrive in Auckland about 3am Thursday 1 November.

A Court of Enquiry was held after Wairarapa disaster, and found Captain McIntosh's actions were the primary cause of the tragedy.

Protection
The wreck of Wairarapa is scheduled for preservation in the Auckland Regional Plan: Coastal and is also protected under the archaeological provisions of the Historic Places Act 1993.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Wairarapa
https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2015/11/12/ss-wairarapa-shipwreck/

Dived on the wreck of Wairarapa during the mid-late 70's

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

29th of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 26 October 1740 – Launch of French Sérieux 64 at Toulon, designed and begun by René, completed by Pierre-Blaise Coulomb – captured by the British in the First Battle of Cape Finisterre in May 1747 1768 – Launch of...

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1618 – Death of Walter Raleigh, English admiral, explorer, and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (b. 1554)

Raleigh just before he was beheaded – an illustration from circa1860


1658 – Second Northern War: Naval forces of the Dutch Republic defeat the Swedes in the Battle of the Sound

1814 - Launching of Fulton I (Demologos ), first American steam powered warship

1867 - RMS Rhone, a UK Royal Mail Ship owned by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (RMSP), was wrecked off the coast of Salt Island in the British Virgin Islands in a hurricane, killing 123 people.

1894 - SS Wairarapa, a New Zealand ship of the late 19th century plying the route between Auckland, New Zealand and Australia, hit a reef at the northern edge of Great Barrier Island, about 100 km out from Auckland, and sank. The death toll of around 140 people remains one of the largest such losses in the country's history..

1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiysk (ex italian Giulio Cesare) strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

30th of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 29 October 1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiysk (ex italian Giulio Cesare) strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol. Giulio Cesare was one of three Conte di Cavour-class dreadnought battleships built for the Royal...

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1719 – Launch of HMS Britannia
HMS Britannia was a 100-gun first rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Phineas Pett II at Chatham Dockyard, and launched in 1682. In 1705 she took on board Charles III of Spain, when on her way to Catalonia

1762 - The Action of 30 October 1762 - HMS Panther (1758 - 60) + HMS Argo (1758 - 28) captured Santisima Trinidad (1751 - 60)
was a minor naval battle that was fought in the San Bernardino Strait off the coast off British occupied Manila in the Philippines between two Royal naval ships; the 60 gun ship of the line HMS Panther under captain Hyde Parker and the frigate HMS Argo under Richard King. They fought for the capture of the heavily armed Spanish treasure galleon, Santisima Trinidad.

1784 - Launch of HMS Tremendous, a 74-gun Ganges-class a third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy,

The Action of 21 April 1806 as depicted by Pierre-Julien Gilbert. In the foreground, HMS Tremendous aborts her attempt at raking Cannonière under the threat of being outmanoeuvred and raked herself by her more agile opponent. In the background, the Indiaman Charlton fires her parting broadside at Cannonière. The two events were in fact separated by several hours.


1806 – Launch of French Robuste, an 80-gun Bucentaure-class 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy

Bucentaure (sistership) at Trafalgar


1896 - Samuel P. Ely wrecked
Samuel P. Ely was a schooner that sailed the Great Lakes carrying iron ore, coal, and other bulk freight. She was built in 1869 and was a fairly typical example of the 200-foot schooner built in the 1870s, though she was reinforced for the demands of carrying iron ore. Samuel P. Ely is a shipwreck in Two Harbors, Minnesota listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

1914 – SS Rohilla, a passenger steamer of the British India Steam Navigation Company ran aground near Whitby with the loss of 83 lives

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

31st of October

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 29 October 1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiysk (ex italian Giulio Cesare) strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol. Giulio Cesare was one of three Conte di Cavour-class dreadnought battleships built for the Royal...

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1719 – Launch of HMS Britannia - Add on

1639 - Battle of the Downs
The naval Battle of the Downs took place on 31 October 1639, during the Eighty Years' War, and was a decisive defeat of the Spanish, commanded by Admiral Antonio de Oquendo, by the United Provinces, commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp.

1780 - HMS Ontario (22) sinks in Lake Ontario (found intact almost 230 years later)

1803 - The frigate USS Philadelphia runs aground near Tripoli while pursuing an enemy vessel in shallow water and was captured

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

1st of November

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 31 October 1641 – Death of Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral (b. 1597) Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (1597 – 31 October 1641), nicknamed Houtebeen ("pegleg"), was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and admiral in the Dutch West...

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1794 – Launch of French Régénérée, a 40-gun Cocarde-class frigate

Engagement between His Majesty's Ship Brilliant... & the L' Vertue & Regenue French Frigates... off Santa Cruz, on the Coast of Barbary, the 26th of July 1798 (PAG7116)
Read more at http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/137064.html#AWKYl3sAfjcEc14C.99
Remark Uwe: In british NMM the ship is named "Regenue"


1809 - Boats of HMS Tigre (1793 - 80), HMS Cumberland (1808 - 74), HMS Volontaire (1796 - 40), HMS Apollo (1805 - 38), HMS Topaze (1793 - 38), HMS Philomel (18), HMS Scout (1804 - 18) and HMS Tuscan (1808 - 16) captured or destroyed all the vessels of a convoy in Rosas Bay.

Scale: 1:48. Plan showing the body plan with stern board outline, sheer lines with inboard detail, and longitudinal half-breadth for 'Tigre' (1795), a captured French Third Rate, as taken off at Portsmouth Dockyard prior to being fitted as 74-gun Third Rate, two-decker. Later alterations sent to Portsmouth on 24 August 1797. Signed by Edward Tippet [Master Shipwright, Portsmouth Dockyard, 1793-1799].


1914 – World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth

The German squadron leaving Valparaiso on 3 November 1914 after the battle, SMS Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in the lead, and SMS Nürnberg following. In the middle distance are the Chilean cruisers Esmeralda, O'Higgins and Blanco Encalada, and the battleship Capitán Prat.

SMS Scharnhorst


1918 – SMS Viribus Unitis was sunk by a limpet mine planted by Raffaele Rossetti, an Italian engineer and military naval officer of the Regia Marina

Model of Viribus Unitis in the Museum of Military History, Vienna

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

2nd of November

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 31 October 1641 – Death of Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral (b. 1597) Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (1597 – 31 October 1641), nicknamed Houtebeen ("pegleg"), was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and admiral in the Dutch West...

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1758 - HMS Antelope (1703 - 50), Cptn. Thomas Saumarez, captured French ship Belliqueux (1758 - 64) off Ilfracombe

Scale: 1:48. Plan showing the body plan from midships to bow, body plan from midships to stern with stern board decoration, sheer lines with some inboard detail and figurehead, and longitudinal half-breadth with some lower deck detail for Antelope (1703), a 50-gun Fourth Rate two-decker. This may be the ship as she was when in Plymouth Dockyard in 1713. An attached letter (not scanned) lays out the dimensions of the ship, as taken at Plymouth on 7 March 1713.


1773 – Launch of HMS Siren (or Syren) was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy.

1899 - The protected cruiser USS Charleston runs aground on an uncharted reef near Camiguin Island north of Luzon. Wrecked beyond salvage, she is abandoned by her crew who make camp on a nearby island. Charleston was the first steel-hulled ship lost by the US Navy.

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

3rd of November

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 31 October 1641 – Death of Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral (b. 1597) Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (1597 – 31 October 1641), nicknamed Houtebeen ("pegleg"), was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and admiral in the Dutch West...

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1758 – Launch of HMS Temple, a 68-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy

1758 - HMS Buckingham (1751 - 70), Cptn Richard Tyrrel, engaged French Florissant (74) and two large French frigates

HMS Buckingham (1751) on the stocks.


1839 - The First Battle of Chuenpi
The First Battle of Chuenpi was a naval engagement fought between British and Chinese ships at the entrance of the Humen strait (Bogue), Guangdong province, China, on 3 November 1839 during the First Opium War. The battle began when the British frigates HMS Hyacinth and HMS Volage opened fire on Chinese ships they perceived as being hostile.

Watercolor of HMS Volage and HMS Hyacinth confront Chinese war junks at Chuenpee, 3 November 1839


1883 – Launch of SMS Adler, a gunboat of the Imperial German Navy.
SMS Adler was a gunboat of the Imperial German Navy. She was launched 3 November 1883 in the Imperial shipyard in Kiel. On 5 September 1888, she shelled Manono Islandand Apolima, Samoa, which were strongholds of Malietoa’s forces. She was wrecked together with the German gunboat SMS Eber, the German corvette SMS Olga, the United States Navy gunboat USS Nipsic, the U.S. Navy screw steamer USS Trenton, and the U.S. Navy sloop-of-war USS Vandalia on 16 March 1889 in a hurricane at Apia, Samoa, during the Samoan crisis. Twenty crew members lost their lives.

German gunboat Adler. Overturned on the reef, on the western side of Apia Harbor, Upolu, Samoa, soon after the storm. Note her battered hull, the well for her hoisting propeller, a rescue buoy mounted on her stern, and decorative windows painted on her quarters.


1914 - The Raid on Yarmouth
The Raid on Yarmouth, which took place on 3 November 1914, was an attack by the Imperial German Navy on the British North Sea port and town of Great Yarmouth. Little damage was done to the town since shells only landed on the beach, after German ships laying mines offshore were interrupted by British destroyers. HMS D5, a submarine, was sunk by a German mine as it attempted to leave harbour and attack the German ships. A German armoured cruiser was sunk after striking two German mines outside its home port.

The German flagship, SMS Seydlitz


1940 - SS Laurentic, an 18,724-ton ocean liner, torpedoed and sunk

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

4th of November

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 3 November 1914 - The Raid on Yarmouth The Raid on Yarmouth, which took place on 3 November 1914, was an attack by the Imperial German Navy on the British North Sea port and town of Great Yarmouth. Little damage was done to the town...

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1702 – Death of John Benbow, English admiral (b. 1653)

An engraving produced in 1804 that helped to promote the legend of the event, entitled The gallant Benbow defeating the French Squadron. It shows Benbow's leg as completely shot away. Underneath another hand has written Benbow gives chase to de Grasse.


1786 – Launch of Spanish Conde de Regla ,112-guns at Havana - Stricken 14 July 1810 and BU 1811

1805 - Battle of Cape Ortegal
The Battle of Cape Ortegal was the final action of the Trafalgar Campaign, and was fought between a squadron of the Royal Navy and a remnant of the fleet that had been destroyed earlier at the Battle of Trafalgar. It took place on 4 November 1805 off Cape Ortegal, in north-west Spain and saw Captain Sir Richard Strachan defeat and capture a French squadron under Rear-Admiral Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley. It is sometimes known as Strachan's Action.

1914 – SMS Yorck made a navigational error in heavy fog and accidentally sailed into a German defensive minefield. The ship sank quickly with heavy loss of life, though sources disagree on the exact number of fatalities.

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

5th of November

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Naval/Maritime History - 27th of August - Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 3 November 1914 - The Raid on Yarmouth The Raid on Yarmouth, which took place on 3 November 1914, was an attack by the Imperial German Navy on the British North Sea port and town of Great Yarmouth. Little damage was done to the town...

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1775 - Commodore Esek Hopkins is appointed Commander in Chief of the Continental Navy. Early in 1778, he is dismissed from his position due to dissatisfaction with his service but remains popular in his local community, serving in the Rhode Island legislature.

Esek Hopkins and other Rhode Island Merchants in Sea Captains Carousing in Surinam from 1755 (he is second from the left at the table)


1783 - HMS Superb (74), driven from her anchors in Tellicherry Roads, struck a rock and sank.
HMS Superb was a 74-gun Bellona-class third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 27 October 1760 at Deptford Dockyard.
The Superb was Admiral Edward Hughes's flagship in India in 1782 during a notable series of engagements with the French under Suffren.
On 20 June 1783 the Superb took part in the Battle of Cuddalore before returning to Bombay for copper sheathing along her hull. On 7 November she developed a severe leak through the sheathing into the bilge, and sank in Tellicherry Roads off the Bombay coast, with the loss of all hands.

1799 - HMS Sceptre (64), Cptn. Valentine Edwards, wrecked in storm after dragging anchors and drifting in Table Bay.

1799 - HMS Orestes (18), Cptn. W. Haggitt, foundered during a cyclone in the Indian Ocean
HMS Orestes was an 18-gun Dutch-built brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was originally built as the privateer Mars, and was captured by the British in 1781. She went on to serve during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and the French Revolutionary Wars.
The privateer was one of two captured in the North Sea in November 1781, both of which were taken into the Navy. Orestes became an effective anti-privateer vessel, taking several enemy vessels while serving off the British coast. She divided her time between a number of the Royal Navy's stations, serving in the West Indies and departing for the East Indies after time spent on the French coast. Her career in the Indian Ocean was short-lived, as she disappeared at sea in 1799, and is presumed to have foundered in a hurricane with the loss of her entire crew.

1813 - Action of 5 November 1813
The Action of 5 November 1813 was a brief naval clash during the Napoleonic Wars, between part of the British Mediterranean Fleet led by Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew, and a French force under Rear-Admiral Julien Cosmao-Kerjulien. The engagement took place outside the French port of Toulon.

1915 - Lt. Cmdr. Henry C. Mustin, in an AB-2 flying boat, makes the first underway catapult launch from a ship, USS North Carolina (ACR 12) at Pensacola Bay, Fla. This experimental work leads to the use of catapults on battleships and cruisers through World War II and to the steam catapults on present-day aircraft carriers.

 

[Uwek]

Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History

6th of November

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Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 5 November 1816 - HMS Briseis (10), George Dourett, wrecked on reef off Point Pedras, Cuba. HMS Briseis was a 10-gun Cherokee-class Royal Navy brig launched in 1808 at Upnor, on the River Medway. James Clark Ross joined the Navy in...

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1793 - Launch of HMS Minotaur, a 74-gun third-rate Courageux-class ship of the line of the Royal Navy, at Woolwich

1794 - Action of 6 November 1794
HMS Canada (74), Cptn. Charles Powell Hamilton, and HMS Alexander (74), Cptn. Richard Rodney Bligh, which had been escorting merchantmen as far as the western approaches, were chased by a French squadron of five 74's and three large frigates, under Rear Ad. Neilly. After separating to confuse they tried to rejoin for mutual support but Alexander was taken.

1813 - HMS Woolwich (44), Cdr. Thomas Ball Sulivan, wrecked off Barbados

1865 – American Civil War: CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on a cruise on which it sank or captured 37 unarmed merchant vessels.

1942 - SS City of Cairo was a British passenger steamship. She was sunk by german U-boot U-68 in the Second World War with heavy loss of life, most after the sinking, but before being rescued.