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Harold Hahn

They are still using models in towing tanks and wind tunnels as important tools for obtaining hull shapes.
The concept of model towing is interesting to consider.

The ancient Greeks could possibly have used towing tanks, and may well have done. The carved hull and pulling it thru a pool of water is easy enough. The tricky part it seems to me is what is the data that is obtained from doing it? Even hand cranking and visualizing the hull as it traveled could allow coarse comparisons but there had to have been a limit on the size of the delta between two designs worth testing before computers. I have the thought that the really sophisticated instrumentation is a creature of the computer age. What were the measuring devices and how did they record the data? When could they measure energy expended per unit traveled for example. I am thinking that the earlier guys could have only wished that they could visualize eddies and determine which shapes produced them and which did not. Whenever it was that eddies were known to be something significant.

To repeat something I wrote a while ago, it seems to me that up until very recently every new hull design was an experiment without any controls. HIC wrote a book that was comparisons of various hull shapes and how they affected speed. This being based on speculation and anecdotal evidence but no hard numbers with controls. It is an excellent book but not hard science. If it had been it would probably be unreadable - non addicting Ambien and even faster acting.
 
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Please. Go ahead.

re: the way you ask that, I have a very different concept of what was the historical shipyard practice from yours it seems. I do not mean anything personal. Either an idea is true or it is not. How I feel about it matters not. I was not aiming at you, just seeking a debate. I enjoy licking around ideas. (That idiom may not translate?) Also, part of the way that I play this game is to try to emulate what the old guys did in the ship yard. I think that the way that I fabricate my hulls is very similar to getting the final shape by battens and an adz. It is just that my wood is 60 times smaller and I can use paper patterns and a drum sander and it is all done on a bulk station to station thick section of frames. It works so easily for me that it seems logical that the mold loft did something similar.

I started out by plotting both faces of every frame. That takes forever. After a long evolution of development, I just trace the station shapes from the body plan, set the moulded dimension, determine the butt lines for the timbers and isolate the individual timber patterns. I can loft a first rate in about 10-14 days. I am just wondering if 3DCAD can match that - once the lines from the plan is entered as program lines.

Oh, quite a few issues have come up in our recent posts, but I will try to address them gradually, probably in more than one post.

You have described above your general approach together with the more detailed methods of model building that are most convenient for you, and they are perfectly fine with me. As is constantly emphasised, personal satisfaction is one of the most important thing in this activity, and what is more, I myself use these methods to a greater or lesser extent.

At the same time, I will also give another example, presenting somewhat different approach, supplemented by the possibilities offered by today's 3D software. Some time ago, I designed a ship from a bygone era digitally, yet strictly based on historical source data, including the geometric method of obtaining hull shapes used at the time. In this sense, 3D software was just a tool like any other, but importantly, it also guaranteed a level of precision that was unattainable with traditional methods, as well as the ability to simulate many possible variants, still before cutting (and possibly wasting) wood. Of course, this is only possible with the adequate level of skill, diligence and competence in the relevant fields, both in terms of historical knowledge and the use of the tools themselves, which is not always the case.

Below are a few renders of my design:

kolor-5 - Copy.jpg

ViewCapture20220716_013031.jpg

ViewCapture20230328_235916.jpg


Indeed, after converting the 3D model into 2D drawings and handing this project over to professional model makers from the museum workshop (they eventually opted for the POB method and a scale of 1:15), they commented that this was the first time they had worked on a project where everything fit together perfectly right away. They cut the bulkheads on a CNC milling machine and practically all that remained was bevelling (no fairing needed as is usual in model making based on less than perfect documentation).

What's more, despite numerous attempts, they were unable to pre-cut the wales with the correct curvature for the bow, as bending the ‘huge’ rigid slats (1:15 scale, hard wood and difficult shape) proved impossible to achieve the desired course, so they finally asked me to provide a flattened outline of these wales, and they received them the same day. And again, everything fit perfectly, thanks to the previous efforts to achieve high precision in the design. No fuss.

wales - scale 1-15.jpg


Model under construction (this picture to be deleted in a few hours):



I also know other designers, for example of cardboard sets, who use 3D modelling in the design process for these difficult shapes, who are widely praised for the precision with which the connected elements fit together.


However…

Attempts to extrapolate personal experiences based solely on one's own DIY experiments are very risky and can prove to be very misleading. In the context of so-called scholarly research, or at least that conducted by members of this community, perhaps the most spectacular disaster was the fabricated idea of building ships by eye, with the following justification: ‘since I have managed to build a model by eye, real ships must also have been built by eye several centuries ago, and not in some conceptual way’. Now it seems unbelievable, but this idea of intuitive building was widely and uncritically accepted by probably the entire scholar community, despite its obvious logical flaws and without any further verification.

A good, concrete example is the method of achieving bevelling you employ, i.e. using battens, which by necessity can only be applied after the frames have been assembled in the hull skeleton. Indeed, it is tempting to extrapolate this way to historical practices used on a real scale. However, it turns out that methods for obtaining bevelling have been described, sometimes in great detail, since at least the beginning of the 17th century, and refer to a process performed even before the installation of the frames, so necessarily without the possibility of using battens.

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The idea HMH (Harold Maxwell Hahn) had was to create a system for model ship builders to scratch build plank on frame models. Those who can do it and those accomplished in CAD and 3D modeling is to make it understandable and possible and raise the hobby of assembling a kit to a finer level of building. Hand this to a hobby kit builder and ask them to build this hull, 99.9% would have no idea what you're asking or what this is. Using the K.I.S.S. method is the mission

offsets 1.jpg
 
i watched Bob in his micro mold loft making patterns as he built his models and i watched HMH take months drawing and redrawing refining modeling plans. I thought geese that is a lot of drafting going on there must be a simple way. I thought there isn't that many hobby guys who can do such drafting of frames. One of my first plank on frame models was the ARGO the last wooded freighter built on the Great Lakes. What i did was build a half model of the hull and sliced it into frame templates.

arg16.jpg

Then i took the template and traced it on paper

arg12.jpgarg11.jpg

Using HMH frame blank idea

arg9.jpgarg10.jpg

each frame blank was built

arg6.jpg

arg8.jpg
and the frame cut out

arg3.jpg
 
Years later and seeing the merits in using a jig i refined the half hull idea. Still trying to make getting out frame shapes as simple as possible. starting with the bobyplan

bodyplan1.jpg

using a dense foam material i cut out a station section

carved block1.jpg
glued the station pattern to one side and the station pattern to the other side

carved block2.jpgcarved block3.jpg

shaped it from station line to station line

carved block4.jpg

half hull.jpg
 
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you can get a refined hull shape so much closed with a half hull than drawing out frame by frame. Keep an eye on the hull taking shape

hull shadow.jpg

when the hull is finished i cut it into the frame patterns

finished hull 3.jpg

the bevels are included

block bevels.jpgfinished stern.jpg
 
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Back when HMH came on the ship modeling scene Kits were garbage and model builders were looking for better quality and a better way. The NRG was promoting build better models, better materials, historically correct, proper scale etc. The tables began to turn as kits got better and slick advertising showed kits were now quality in building methods, materials and of course "museum quality"

finer modeling took a back seat to the new and improved generation of kits, finer modeling requires skill and knowledge and bottom line just too difficult to do. Until now because it is not that hard,
 
but I will try to address them gradually, probably in more than one post.
Waldemar,
I see a potentially interesting discussion , debate, pushing ideas to their limits potential with this.
However - it will distract from the purpose and direction of this particular class.
I do wish to explore what your last post was about - a lot - just not here.
Like - I mistyped - I did not mean "batten" - I should have written "ribband" the full size 1:1 scale tool.

Lets ask Dave to open a new classroom - Theories of POF methods? and do it there?

Here and now a short answer about how the use of 3DCAD can be a shortcut to current POF practice of lofting every single frame for a hull would be the proper closure and let Hahn's contributions regain center stage.
 
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Yes, of course, let him continue without hindrance.

Before I go, I would just like to mention that in the thread https://shipsofscale.com/sosforums/...es-witsen-–-the-backbone-of-the-fleets.12440/ I have presented my interpretation of what is probably the world's oldest surviving table of offsets (dating from 1671 at the latest), both in terms of possible hull shapes and the original concept itself, which must have been in the form of lines drawings. But I don't know if anyone has actually made use of it.

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At the core of this is the reality of what is involved in plotting frames for POF for use with the two currently dominant build methods. The default practice is that it is done either by using Mylar on a drawing board or using a computer drawing program. Both probably involve the same amount of time and effort. Flip a coin for the choice of which one to use. It seems that 3DCAD, not withstanding its other abilities, can offer no relief from this specific tedious time sink.

Doing it once should probably be a right of passage. Only then will Dave's rational and sane response be taken to heart. Which is: there HAS TO BE a faster and easier way to get a stylized or authentic POF hull.
 
Post #81Ship Model Towing

The problem of towing a ship model to predict resistance through the water is that they operate in a two phase environment; water and air. The underwater part of the hull is subject to frictional forces from the viscosity of the water. Aeronautical Engineers refer to this as drag.

At the interface between water and air (the load waterline) gravity is involved as the hull moving through the water creates waves that also resist movement.

Both of these forces acting on the hull increase as the vessel moves faster, but they don’t scale the same, so except at very slow speeds where wave making resistance is not a factor results from towing models were so inaccurate as to be useless.

William Froude living in the second half of the Nineteenth century was one of those Englishmen with sufficient money to pursue what interested him. Discovering the dual nature of ship hull resistance he developed the techniques for separating the two. The techniques that he developed are used virtually unchanged to this day.

Roger
 
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