Pirate Lore, Myths & Legends #8
Well mates, I won’t be providing a Captain’s Log update this week! I’m trying to finish all my wiring inside the Captain’s Quarters and I need a few more parts from Evan Designs that won’t arrive until next week! So, I’m dressing up the Captain’s Quarters on my Black Pearl and I wanted to pay tribute to a couple female Pirates who were notorious for their adventures during the height of piracy!
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So, the pics anchoring the windows in the Captain’s Quarters of my Black Pearl will pay tribute to Anne Bonny and Mary Read. These gals are most noteworthy! While Blackbeard, ”Calico Jack” Rackham, “Black Bart” Roberts, Edward England and others were looting, pillaging, and robbing the least suspecting, these lovelies created their own legacy and rightful place in History!
Anne Bonny
Source: © Kathy Weiser/
Legends of America
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Anne Bonny (or Bonney) was a famous lady pirate known for her violent temper and ferocious fighting, operated in the Caribbean, along with the likes of
“Calico Jack” Rackham and fellow lady pirate, Mary Read.
Irish by birth, she was thought to have been born around 1700 in Cork, Ireland. Born as Anne McCormac, she was the illegitimate daughter of a servant woman, Mary Brennan, and Brennan’s employer, a lawyer named William McCormac. Afterward, William’s wife made his adultery public, causing his business to decline and McCormac moved to London, taking along his mistress and daughter. There, he began dressing Anne as a boy, and calling her “Andy.” McCormac then moved them to the Carolinas, where he dropped the “Mc” from his Irish name in order to blend in more easily in Charles Town (now
Charleston). There, her father attempted to establish himself as an attorney but did not do well. Eventually, he joined the more profitable merchant business and accumulated a substantial fortune. Anne’s mother died when she was just 12.
As a teenager, Anne was described as having red hair and was considered a “good catch”, but she also had a temper and was said to have stabbed a servant girl with a table knife at the age of 13. Though she was considered a highly eligible wife for many men and her father had betrothed her to a local man, Anne resisted. Instead, she eloped with a poor sailor at the age of 16, who also happened to be a small-time pirate. Named James Bonny, legend has it that he hoped to eventually come into possession of his father-in-law’s estate, but that would never happen because Anne was disowned by her father after marrying James.
Sometime between 1714 and 1718, she and James Bonny moved to Nassau, on New Providence Island in the Bahamas, which was known as a sanctuary for English pirates, so much so, it was called the Republic of Pirates. There, many of the residents received a King’s Pardon for having evaded the law. When Governor Woodes Rogers arrived in the summer of 1718, James Bonny became a pirate informant for the governor in exchange for a pardon for his past illegal endeavors.
While in the Bahamas, Anne Bonny began mingling with pirates in the local taverns, where she met John “Calico Jack” Rackham, the former captain of a pirate ship. Disenchanted by her marriage, she became involved with Rackham who offered to pay her husband to divorce her — a common practice at the time — but James Bonny refused.
Anne was determined however and left with Calico Jack in August 1720 assisting in commandeering a sloop and, along with a new crew, began pirating merchant vessels along the coast of Jamaica. Rackham’s decision to have Bonny accompany him was highly unusual, as women were considered bad luck aboard ships. Bonny did not conceal her gender from her shipmates, though when pillaging she disguised herself as a man and participated in armed conflict.
Along the line, Anne became pregnant and would give birth to a son in Cuba. What became of the boy remains unknown. Bonny quickly returned to pirate life.
The next thing you know, the pair were joined by another lady pirate named Mary Read and the trio stole a ship called William, then at anchor in Nassau harbor. They then recruited a new crew and went pirating, enjoying success over the next several months, capturing a number of small vessels and keeping the cargo. When in combat, Anne took part right alongside the men and the accounts of her exploits present her as competent, effective and respected by her shipmates. And though she became to be renowned as a Caribbean pirate, she never commanded her own ship.
Bonny’s name finally got so notorious that Governor Rogers named her in a “Wanted Pirates” circular published in the continent’s only newspaper, the Boston
-Letter.
On November 15, 1720, Rackham and his crew were attacked by Captain Jonathan Barnet, an ex-pirate who had become a commander in the British Navy. Under a commission from Nicholas Lawes, the Governor of Jamaica, Barnet and his crew made a timely attack on Rackam’s anchored ship the William. Most of Rackham’s pirates put up little resistance as many of them were too drunk to fight. They were celebrating all night because they managed to capture a Spanish commercial ship. However, Read and Bonny fought fiercely and managed to hold off Barnet’s troops for a short time. In the end, the women were overwhelmed and Rackham and his crew were taken to Jamaica to stand before the court. As word leaked that women pirates were part of the crew the trial became a big sensation.
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Captain Jack and the male members of his crew were tried on November 16, 1720, and were sentenced to hang. Anne was allowed to visit Rackham one last time before his execution took place, but rather than consoling him, she stated “Had you fought like a man, you need not have been hanged like a dog.”
Anne and Mary were tried a week after Rackham and his men were executed. After being convicted, Read and Bonny both “pleaded their bellies”, asking for mercy because they were both pregnant, and in accordance with English common law, both women received a temporary stay of execution until they gave birth. Mary Read died in prison from fever in 1721, but the fate of Anne Bonny is unknown.
Though there are no records of Bonny’s release or execution, it is said that her father bought her freedom from Jamaican Governor Lawes and she returned to Charleston, where she gave birth to Rackham’s child.
Afterward, the stories vary as to how she lived the rest of her life. One tale says she remarried in 1721 to a man named Joseph Burleigh, with whom she had eight children and died on April 25, 1782, in South Carolina. Others say that she settled down to quiet family life on a small Caribbean island or that she lived out her life in the south of England, where she owned a tavern and regaled the locals with tales of her exploits. Another story says that her father married her off to a Jamaican official, where she changed her name to Annabele and lived her days out, having eight children and dying at age 88. The truth remains unknown.
Mary Read
Source:
www.annebonnypirate.com
In the long and interesting history of piracy, Mary Read managed to prove herself as one of the most famous
female pirates of all time. Although much of her earlier life remains unknown to modern historians, her time as a pirate remains well remembered today. Even though she was active for only few short years, she has done so in a time that is today remembered as a height of the Golden Age of Piracy, when the seas of Caribbean trebled under the reign of hundreds pirate ships led on by charismatic Blackbeard, wildly successful Bartholomew Roberts and cruel Edward Low.
The only records about Mary's early life come from the pen of Captain Charles Johnson (some believed to be an alias for English author Daniel Defoe), but many historians are criticizing the accuracy of his stories and lack of sources. According to him, Mary was born around 1690s by the widow of sea captain. Since her early life her mother dressed her as a boy in an attempt to secure monetary help from her husband family. This ruse quickly became natural to Mary, and she started liking dressing as a man and working male jobs. Mary quickly found work as a sailor, and after several years at sea she enlisted in English army. During her time in Nine Years War or War of the Spanish Succession, she fell in love with Flemish soldier, revealed himself to him and decided to leave military. They managed to go to Netherlands where they bought small Inn and lived happily until her husband sudden and early death. Devastated by her loss, she again took an appearance of a male sailor, and promptly went to the New World seeking better life.
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Upon arriving into Central America, she quickly became accustomed with a pirate life when her entire crew was captured and forced to serve on a pirate ship. In 1718 she accepted the Kings Pardon and became member of the legitimate privateer crew, but that lasted only until her crew mutinied against their captain. While being stationed in New Providence, famous pirate gathering point, she became acquainted with thepirate captain John "Calico Jack" Rackham and her lover Anne Bonny. Mary quickly managed to find her way on board their ship where she still worked dressed as a man. The two women on board quickly became friends, and Mary soon revealed her gender to Anne. Captain Rackham who did not know this secret soon became agitated with their friendship, thinking that Anne is having a secret affair with Mary (known to him only by her fake name Mark). After seeing Rackham rage, both girls soon revealed this secret to him and later on to entire crew. During the several next years that Mary spent on board, both women openly worked on ship dressed sometimes in female clothes, but they also took a part in every pirate raid that Rackham found in the open seas. The stories of pirate crew onboard Rackham's ship "Revenge" soon became well-known across the Caribbean.
According to the legend Mary was a fierce fighter. According to one story she also developed an attraction to the one member of the Rackham's crew. When she saw that her relationship with that pirate has created tensions between the crew, Mary decided to try to save her lovers life from the bloodthirsty pirate who challenged him to the duel. She carefully executed her plan and challenged this pirate to the duel just an hour before her lover was scheduled to fight. Using her knowledge gained as a young sailor and a soldier, she quickly killed bloodthirsty pirate and saved her lovers life.
By 1720, successful operations of Captain Rackham and his crew made them well-known pirates, and many governments that held the power in Central America took notice of them. By October 1720, English Captain Jonathan Barnet managed to corner Rackham ship and mount a successful attack on him. According by some accounts, at the time of attack most of Rackham's crew were drung after celebrating recent successful raid, and Anne Bonny, Mary Read and few other pirates were the only one that put significant resistance to the English attack. While the majority of the crew hid under the deck, Mary and Anne fought valiantly until they were both captured. |
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The captured crew of Captain Rackham's "Revenge" was promptly transported to Jamaica where majority of them was hanged for the crimes of theft, murder and piracy (tarred body of Jack Rackham was hanged near the entrance of Port Royale's harbor as a warning to the would-be pirates). As for the woman, they both received delay of their execution after they managed to prove to the court that they were pregnant (Anne with Rackham, and Mary most probably with her lover crewmate). Mary Read never managed to leave the prison - shortly after receiving her sentence in early 1721 she died of fever (or by other sources during childbirth).
The legacy of Mary Read is not a big one, but she still managed to survive several years as a pirate crewmember of a small time pirate captain who never received the height of fame such as some of his counterparts (in addition to his female crewmembers, Rackham is also known for popularizing his famous Jolly Rodger flag - white skull with two crossed cutlasses). To this day Mary and Anne remain the only two well documented female pirates who operated during the years of "Golden Age of Piracy", and although some of the historical records that were recorded by Captain Charles Johnson are still disputed today, these two women remain remembered fondly in the modern popular culture. Stories of their lives (and deaths) as full members of legitimate pirate crew have fueled imagination of many modern artists and since the rise of the romanticized view of pirate life their reputation continue to grow with each year.
I’ll post the next Captain’s Log once I finish up the Captain’s Quarters!
Ahoy all!
Rick